Social-Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns

尽管近30年来人们一直在关注青少年吸烟问题，但对青少年如何从实验到后续使用阶段的进展，以及是什么预测了每个水平的上升或下降这一问题，关注相对较少。该项目的总体目标是增加我们对青少年吸烟模式的了解。我们希望追踪这些模式的自然历史，并深入研究可能影响它们的一些关键的、选定的背景因素。我们的重点是社会情感环境，重点是抑郁、焦虑、问题行为和积极情感领域。作为一个项目，我们将研究这些社交和情感领域的交集。该方案项目的基石是建立和维持一支高素质的青少年队伍。我们建立这一队列的设计借鉴了流行病学和发展心理学的元素，可以被认为是“吸烟的加速发展轨迹”。我们将有计划地开发我们的样本，最大限度地提高我们研究吸烟水平或阶段的运动的能力。我们的计划项目包括三个研究项目和三个核心。这三个研究项目是：1)青少年吸烟模式的近邻背景(Robin Mermelstein，P.I.)；2) 发展对青少年吸烟模式的影响(Lauren Wakschlag，P.I.)；以及3)吸烟对青少年吸烟者情绪的影响(Jon Kassel，P.I.)。所有三个项目都利用一个共同的核心队列来测试广泛的假设，此外，每个项目都利用最先进的、深入的测量模式来深入检查队列的子样本上的关键结构。在整个项目中，我们将使用生态环境的组合 通过使用手持计算机进行的瞬时评估(项目0001)，亲子讨论和互动的家庭观察(项目0008)，以及青少年在受控实验室环境中对吸烟的心理生理反应(项目0003)。最先进的分析技术将探索这些变量的交集。我们将有三个核心。这些核心使我们能够开发一系列综合的、跨项目的分析和论文，以解决跨项目的变量组合(例如，家庭、同伴、情景/背景、情感)如何在从实验开始产生青少年吸烟模式的过程中相互联系。这些核心将支持方案项目的基本职能，包括建立和维持队列。这三个核心是：A)科学/行政核心(罗宾·梅梅尔斯坦，主任)；B)招聘和保留核心(苏珊·柯里，主任)；以及C)数据管理、测量和统计核心(唐纳德·海德克，主任)。

Despite almost three decades of attention to the problem of adolescent smoking, relatively little attention has been paid to addressing the question of how adolescents progress from experimentation to subsequent stages of use, and what predicts transitions up or down at each level. The overall goal of this program project is to increase our understanding of the patterns of adolescent smoking. Our hope is to track the natural history of these patterns and to examine in-depth some key, selected contextual factors that may influence them. Our focus is on the social-emotional contexts with an emphasis on depression, anxiety, problem behaviors, and positive affective domains. As a program project, we will examine the intersections of these social and emotional domains. The cornerstone of this program project is the establishment and maintenance of a high-quality cohort of adolescents. Our design in establishing this cohort draws on elements of both epidemiology and developmental psychology, and may be thought of as an "accelerated developmental trajectory of smoking." We will develop our sample in a planned way, maximizing our ability to study movement across levels or stages of smoking. Our program project comprises three research projects and three cores. The three research projects are: 1) Proximal Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns (Robin Mermelstein, P.I.); 2) Developmental influences on Adolescent Smoking Patterns (Lauren Wakschlag, P.I.); and 3) Smoking's Effect on Emotion in Adolescent Smokers (Jon Kassel, P.I.). All three projects utilize a common core cohort to test broad-based hypotheses, and in addition, each project utilizes a state-of-the-art, in-depth measurement modality to examine intensively key constructs on a sub-sample of the cohort. Across the projects, we will use a combination of ecological momentary assessments through the use of hand-held computers (Project 0001), family observations of parent-adolescent discussions and interactions (Project 0008), and psychophysiological reactions of adolescents to smoking in controlled laboratory settings (Project 0003). State-of-the-art analytic techniques will explore the intersections of these variables. We will have three cores. The cores allow us to develop a series of integrated, cross-project analyses and papers that address how combinations of variables across projects (e.g., family, peer, situational/contextual, emotional) conjoin with each other in producing the patterns of adolescent smoking from experimentation onward. These cores will support the basic functions of the program project, including the establishment and maintenance of the cohort. The three cores are: A) Scientific/Administrative Core (Robin Mermelstein, Director); B) Recruitment and Retention Core (Susan Curry, Director); and C) Data Management, Measurement, and Statistics Core (Donald Hedeker, Director).