MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

这项申请要求对精神发育迟滞和发育精神病理学的多学科研究项目提供五年的持续支持。该方案强调神经成熟、遗传和环境因素在特定症状的出现和过程中的相互作用，以及精神发育迟滞和发育障碍个人的发展。该计划由共享的理论观点、方法和研究策略统一起来。研究过程在不同的水平上进行，包括遗传、分子、脑功能、神经心理学、临床症状学，以及弱智个体作为整体的适应和能力。一个特别令人关注的问题是，神经生物学和神经心理学因素在理解能力和残疾方面的相互作用。研究项目领域集中在与理解精神发育迟滞和发育障碍有关的主要理论和临床重要领域。唤醒的调节和对环境和生物风险条件的关注，在多发性抽动症及其相关障碍的发病机制中遗传和生物因素的相互作用，自闭症和阿斯伯格综合症-对社会发展和神经生物学和发育过程的神经认知研究，遗传形式的智力低下：威廉姆斯，普雷德-威利和自闭症。该项目包括一系列特定的症状和障碍，包括自闭症、阿斯伯格综合症、抽动症、强迫症、注意力缺陷多动障碍、Prader-Willi和Williams综合征，以及与接触药物和心理社会逆境有关的发育困难儿童。这些条件的研究本身与临床条件一样重要，也是研究基因-环境相互作用、发育机制和生命过程中发育过程的模型。可以比较不同诊断组的神经心理、行为、遗传、大脑功能、发育和其他发现，以澄清基本机制(如社交能力的发展)和临床相关性(如唤醒/注意或强迫症状)。该计划还得到了核心研究资源：评估、生物统计学和方法论的支持。这些核心资源为所有项目领域提供最先进的协作和咨询。

This application requests five years of continued support for a Multi- disciplinary program of research on Mental Retardation and Developmental Psychopathology. The Program emphasizes the interaction of neuromaturational genetic, and environmental factors in the emergence, course of specific syndromes as well as the development of individuals with mental retardation and developmental disorders. The program is unified by shared theoretical perspectives, methods, and research strategies. Processes are studied at various levels, including genetic, molecular, brain functioning, neuropsychology, clinical symptomatology, and adaptation and competence of retarded individuals as whole people. A particular concern is the interaction of neurobiological and neuropsychological factors in the understanding and aspects of competence as well as disability. The research Project areas focus on major domains of theoretical and clinical importance in relation to understanding of mental retardation and developmental disorders. Regulation of arousal and attention to conditions of environmental and biological risk, Interaction of genetic and biological factors in the pathogenesis of Tourette's syndrome and associated disorders, Autism and Asperger Syndrome-neurocognitive studies of social development and Neurobiological and developmental processes in genetic forms of mental retardation: Williams, Prader-Willi, and autism. The Program Project includes a range of specific syndromes and disorders, including autism, Asperger, Tourette's Syndrome, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Prader-Willi, and Williams syndromes, as well as children with developmental difficulties related to exposure to drugs and psychosocial adversity. These conditions are studied as important in their own right as clinical conditions and also as models for studying gene-environment interaction, developmental mechanisms, and developmental process over the course of life. Neuropsychological, behavioral, genetic, brain-function, developmental and other findings an be compared across the various diagnostic groups, to clarify basic mechanisms (such as the development of social competence) and clinical correlates (such as arousal/attentional or obsessive-compulsive symptomatology). The Program is also supported by Core Research Resources: Assessment and Biostatistics and Methodology. These core resources provide state-of-the-art collaboration and consultation for all of the Project Areas.