Instrumentation / Bioengineering Development /Applicatio

在许多情况下，通常使用新颖方法开发独特的仪器是生物医学研究成功的必要因素。重点领域总结如下。 具有多种小动物癫痫发作检测功能的数字视频脑电图成像系统：该系统是与 NINDS 的 Michael Rogawski 博士合作开发的，将通过监测小动物的脑电图并通过视频记录记录其伴随行为来检测和记录小动物的癫痫发作。该仪器包括动物笼子、连接到每只动物头部的旋转连接器、脑电图模拟放大器、带有电影制作器和图形硬件的计算机控制、以及尖峰和癫痫模式检测的软件。它目前正在组装中，将直观地显示和记录脑电图数据以及多个小动物的视频。 用于微粒体 P450 闪光光解的电子仪器：与 NCI 的 Fred Friedman 博士合作，开发了一种激光闪光光解装置，用于测量用各种药物和致癌物治疗的大鼠肝微粒体中一氧化碳 (CO) 与细胞色素 P450 结合的动力学。由于 P450 的多种形式对整个反应有贡献，因此使用差异动力学方法来区分各个 P450 的动力学行为。该方法需要分析特定 P450 效应器不存在和存在时动力学曲线之间的差异，并成功获得参与药物和致癌物代谢的单个 P450 的动力学参数。具体来说，各种多环烃不同程度地加速CO与P450 1A1的结合，P450 1A1以大小和形状依赖的方式代谢这些致癌物。目前的采集和前面板控制软件是特定于应用程序的程序，对于研究者的使用不具有灵活性。所提议的采集、控制、分析和处理方面的改变将使用编程语言Visual Basic 以及应用程序Component Works 来完成。此外，分析可以包括使用数学处理软件的半自动技术。 用于临床步态分析的光学运动捕捉系统的修改：该系统由视频、成像和电子仪器组成，用于临床中心康复医学科的临床步态分析。其中包括将视频数据与测量地面反作用力以进行动力学分析的测力台同步的运动捕捉系统、用于肌肉活动的肌电图系统以及用于收集运动跟踪数据的灵活建模软件。目前，正在与 CC 的 Steven Stanhope 博士合作重新配置电子接地系统，以降低系统噪声。 对定制轮椅设计的研究进行了评估，该设计可以修改形状而无需更换整个系统。轮椅将提供安全、支撑性、舒适的座椅，并且能够根据人的长度或周长的增长或人的座椅需求的变化进行可靠的调整。该系统专为依赖轮椅且骨骼结构异常（例如脊柱侧弯）、肌肉无力（肌营养不良）或神经控制异常（多发性硬化症或脑瘫）的人而设计。

Development of unique instrumentation often using novel approaches is, in many instances, a necessary attribute to the success of biomedical research. Areas of emphasis are summarized below. Digital Video EEG Imaging System with Seizure Detection for Multiple Small Animals: The system, being developed in collaboration with Dr. Michael Rogawski, NINDS, will detect and record seizures of small animals by monitoring their EEG together with documenting their accompanying behavior via video recording. The instrumentation consists of animal cages, swivel connectors connected to the head of each animal, EEG analog amplifiers, computer control with movie maker and graphics hardware, and software detection of spikes and seizure patterns. It is presently being assembled and will visually display and record EEG data along with video of multiple small animals. Electronic Instrumentation for flash photolysis of Microsomal P450: In collaboration with Dr. Fred Friedman, NCI, a laser flash photolysis apparatus was developed to measure the kinetics of carbon monoxide (CO) binding to cytochromes P450 in liver microsomes from rats treated with various drugs and carcinogens. Since numerous forms of P450 contribute to the overall reaction, a difference kinetic method was used to distinguish the kinetic behavior of individual P450s. This method entails analysis of the difference between the kinetic profiles in the absence and presence of a specific P450 effector, and successfully yielded kinetic parameters for individual P450s involved in drug and carcinogen metabolism. Specifically, various polycyclic hydrocarbons differentially accelerated CO binding to the P450 1A1 which metabolizes these carcinogens in a size and shape dependent manner. The present acquisition and front panel control software is an application specific program which has no flexibility for investigator use. The proposed change in the acquisition, control, analysis and processing will be accomplished using the programming language Visual Basic together with the application program Component Works. In addition, analysis may include a semi automatic technique using mathematical processing software. Modifications to Optical Motion Capture System for Clinical Gait Analysis: The system consists of video, imaging and electronic instrumentation for clinical gait analysis in the Rehabilitation Medicine Department of the Clinical Center. Included are a motion capture system, which synchronizes video data with force plates that measure ground reaction forces for kinetic analysis, EMG systems for muscle activity, and flexible modeling software to collect motion-tracking data. At present, the electronic ground system is being reconfigured in collaboration with Dr. Steven Stanhope, CC, in order to lower system noise. A study of custom wheelchair design, where the shape can be modified without replacing the entire system, was evaluated. The wheelchair will provide safe, supportive, comfortable seating and will reliably adjust for a person's growth in length or girth or for changes in a person's seating needs. The system is designed for a person that is wheelchair-dependent and who has abnormal bone structures (e.g. scoliosis), weak muscles (muscular dystrophy) or abnormal neurological control (multiple sclerosis or cerebral palsy).