Pandemic law and border regime of Eastern Aegean: The case of Samos

东爱琴海的流行病法和边境制度：萨摩斯岛案例

• 批准号: 2607675
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Birkbeck, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2607675
• 关键词: Pandemic; law; border; regime; Eastern

The outbreak of COVID-19 gave rise to a cross-cutting debate in academic and public discourse ranging from the necessity and proportionality of the measures to the lens of public health inequalities based on class, race, gender and citizenship. This heated debate has escalated on the Eastern Aegean islands, where two-tier public health policies have been enacted through distinct legislative acts; intermittent measures for the general population, and, parallel measures targeting hotspot residents, prolonged seamlessly to date with fluctuating restrictions. For thousands of asylum seekers, COVID 19 containment measures compound existing mobility restrictions, in place since the implementation of EU-Turkey deal in March 2016. Existing sub-standards of living, triggering widespread condemnation, were backed by reactions of inappropriate and discriminative measures against hotspot residents. The EU and Greek State's stance on refugees/migrants amid the pandemic was neither unforeseen, nor to be circumscribed in the horizontal legitimacy discourse on human rights' balancing within the European liberal order. COVID-19 measures were introduced in Greece in a context where flows of asylum seekers have been framed as an 'asymmetrical threat' in public discourse, paving the way for the temporary suspension of access to territory and asylum justice. While authorities confronted asylum seekers at the land borders with the unsolicited assistance of far-right groups, dinghy arrivals in Eastern Aegean dropped and the first denouncements of Hellenic Coastguard pushbacks came to light. Xenophobia, parallel to the struggling solidarity, was reflected in locals' protests in the Aegean islands against the construction of new hotspots. Several months earlier, reception and asylum procedures had been (re)shaped by the contested L. 4636/2019, bottlenecking pre-2020 arrivals and heightening the risk of refoulement and inadequate international protection needs assessment. This project aims to examine the rights' discourse in the COVID-19 pandemic era in Eastern Aegean mobility/migration management with the border regime analytical concept as the point of departure. The main objective is analysing the reasoning underpinning pandemic law with regard to hotspots and its interaction with their material background. Hence, the focus will be on if and how the rights to life and health are interpreted, whose rights are protected, who is the incumbent to these obligations, and how and where the relevant provisions are to be implemented. Viewing the Greek/EU border as a 'dynamic area of contest and deceleration of the international labour power movement', the central hypothesis of the project is that COVID-related legislation has in its entirety played a distinct role in the policies over mobility and is aligned with the racial and class mediation of the current Greek and EU paradigm. Samos hotspot, the most obscure for some, is an indicative case study, since it operates more times above its capacity than any other hotspot in Greece, exacerbating any issue. The 'jungle' of unofficial makeshift structures adjacent to the hotspot is found the nearest to an island's capital town, providing a characteristic realm for manifestations of bordering, and is still outside scholars' spotlight.

2019冠状病毒病的爆发在学术和公共话语中引发了一场跨领域的辩论，从措施的必要性和相称性，到基于阶级、种族、性别和公民身份的公共卫生不平等的透镜。这场激烈的辩论在爱琴海东部岛屿上升级，通过不同的立法行为颁布了两级公共卫生政策;针对普通民众的间歇性措施，以及针对热点居民的平行措施，无缝地延长到目前为止，限制不断变化。对于数千名寻求庇护者来说，COVID 19遏制措施加剧了自2016年3月欧盟-土耳其协议实施以来实施的现有流动限制。现有的低生活标准引发了广泛的谴责，对热点居民的不适当和歧视性措施的反应也支持了这一点。欧盟和希腊政府在大流行病期间对难民/移民的立场既不是不可预见的，也不会在关于欧洲自由秩序内人权平衡的横向合法性讨论中受到限制。在希腊，寻求庇护者的流动在公共话语中被框定为“不对称威胁”，这为暂时停止进入领土和庇护司法铺平了道路。当当局在陆地边境与寻求庇护者对抗时，极右翼团体主动提供援助，爱琴海东部的小艇抵达人数下降，希腊卫队的第一次谴责被推回。仇外心理，与挣扎中的团结并行，反映在爱琴海群岛当地人反对建设新热点的抗议活动中。几个月前，接待和庇护程序已经（重新）由有争议的L。4636/2019，检查2020年前抵达的难民，增加驱回的风险和国际保护需求评估不足。本项目旨在以边境制度分析概念为出发点，研究在2019冠状病毒病大流行时期东爱琴海流动/移民管理中的权利话语。主要目的是分析流行病法关于热点的推理基础及其与其物质背景的相互作用。因此，重点将是生命和健康权是否以及如何解释，谁的权利受到保护，谁对这些义务负有责任，以及如何以及在何处执行有关规定。将希腊/欧盟边境视为“竞争和国际劳动力流动减速的动态区域”，该项目的核心假设是，与COVID相关的立法在整个流动政策中发挥了独特的作用，并与当前希腊和欧盟范式的种族和阶级调解保持一致。萨摩斯热点，对一些人来说是最模糊的，是一个指示性的案例研究，因为它比希腊任何其他热点都超出其容量的倍数，加剧了任何问题。邻近热点的非官方临时建筑的“丛林”被发现离一个岛屿的首府最近，为边界的表现提供了一个典型的领域，并且仍然在学者的聚光灯之外。