Molecular Genetics of Olfaction in Drosophila

果蝇嗅觉的分子遗传学

• 批准号: 7117247
• 负责人: Robert R. H Anholt
• 金额: $ 3.32万
• 依托单位: NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7117247
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; South America; age difference; animal ecology; animal population genetics; arthropod genetics; behavioral genetics; biochemical evolution; ethology; gene environment interaction; genetic polymorphism; larva; mature animal; molecular genetics; neurogenetics; olfactions; phenotype

This is a revised application for collaborative research under the Fogarty International Program. The aim of the parent grant is to investigate the genetic architecture of odor-guided behavior in Drosophila melanogaster, a behavior which is essential for survival and reproduction. When assessing the genetic basis of any complex trait, it is important to distinguish genes that contribute to manifestation of the trait and a subset of these genes that contribute to naturally occurring phenotypic variation of the trait, as the latter harbor polymorphisms that serve as the substrate for evolution. The specific aims of the parent grant focus entirely on adult flies, i.e. the reproductive phase of the life cycle. The present Fogarty application proposes to identify novel genes that contribute to larval odor-guided behavior and to assess which of these genes may contribute to phenotypic plasticity in natural populations. The specific aims of this Fogarty proposal are: (1) Identification of genes that contribute to odor-guided behavior in Drosophila melanogaster larvae; and, (2) Identification of those genes, identified in Specific Aim 1, that contribute to phenotypic variation for larval olfactory behavior in natural populations and form the substrate for adaptive evolution. Co-isogenic P- element insertion lines will be screened to identify genes that affect olfactory behavior in larvae, and candidate genes responsible for larval smell impairment will be compared to those that affect odor-guided behavior in adult flies identified earlier from a screen of the same P-element insertion lines. Individual chromosomes from eight diverse natural populations of D. melanogaster from Argentina will be substituted into an isogenic background and quantitative complementation tests will be performed to assess for up to 12 larval genes identified in Specific Aim 1 whether these genes contribute to natural variation in olfactory behavior. The proposed approach will significantly extend the parent grant and is innovative in that it combines quantitative genetic strategies directly with molecular ecology in the context of chemosensation.

这是一个修改后的申请下的福格蒂国际计划的合作研究。父母补助金的目的是研究果蝇气味引导行为的遗传结构，这种行为对生存和繁殖至关重要。当评估任何复杂性状的遗传基础时，重要的是区分有助于性状表现的基因和有助于性状的自然发生的表型变异的这些基因的子集，因为后者具有作为进化底物的多态性。父母补助金的具体目标完全集中于成年苍蝇，即生命周期的生殖阶段。本Fogarty申请提出，以确定新的基因，有助于幼虫气味引导的行为，并评估这些基因可能有助于在自然种群的表型可塑性。这个Fogarty建议的具体目标是：（1）识别基因，有助于气味引导行为的果蝇幼虫;（2）识别那些基因，在具体目标1中确定，有助于自然种群中幼虫嗅觉行为的表型变异，并形成适应性进化的基质。将筛选共等基因P-元件插入系以鉴定影响幼虫嗅觉行为的基因，并且将负责幼虫嗅觉损伤的候选基因与早期从相同P-元件插入系的筛选中鉴定的影响成虫气味引导行为的候选基因进行比较。来自八个不同自然群体的个体染色体。将来自阿根廷的黑腹果蝇替换为等基因背景，并进行定量互补试验，以评估特定目标1中鉴定的多达12个幼虫基因是否有助于嗅觉行为的自然变异。所提出的方法将显着延长父母补助金，是创新的，因为它结合了定量遗传策略直接与分子生态学的背景下的化学感觉。