Medicine and Health Care in Early Christianity

产品说明： 拟议调查的目的是写一部早期基督教的医学和保健史。第一章将描述基督教的态度愈合发展的文化环境中，希腊医学和宗教治疗被视为互补。第二章将探讨早期基督教治疗中医学与奇迹的关系。我认为大多数基督徒接受自然的治疗方式，无论是理性的还是民间医学的传统。第三章将追溯基督教慈善事业的发展，最初以个人会众为中心，这创造了一种为基督教社区内的人提供医疗保健的有效手段。我认为，医院是基督教对医疗保健的独特贡献，它是在世纪从一个在教区范围内照顾病人的悠久传统中发展起来的。第四章将追溯3世纪和4世纪罗马帝国大城市中创建的护理人员的历史。它们在没有任何系统或有组织的努力治疗鼠疫受害者的城市地区有效地提供紧急护理。第五章将讨论一种特殊的基督教形式的医学伦理学的发展，这种医学伦理学吸收了早期的希波克拉底医学伦理学，但在一些重要的方面对它们进行了修改，并将它们置于基督教神学的框架内。最后一章将试图重现早期基督徒对疾病的理解，在这种理解中，基督徒将疾病和身体残疾视为世界自然秩序的一部分，这个世界处于罪恶的自治领之下，但却由上帝安排。我认为，在早期基督教对医学和治疗的态度中，存在着潜在的紧张关系和兼容性，如果不总是明显的话。其目标是一个实质性的书籍长度的手稿，将构成一个全面的研究医学和保健之间的基督教社区的第一个五个世纪的存在。

DESCRIPTION: The aim of the proposed investigation is to write a history of medicine and health-care in early Christianity. The first chapter will describe how Christian attitudes to healing developed in a cultural milieu in which Greek medicine and religious healing were seen as complementary. The second chapter will explore the relationship of medicine and miracle in early Christian healing. I shall argue that most Christians accepted natural modes of healing, whether rational or within a tradition of folk medicine. Chapter three will trace the growth of Christian philanthropy, initially centered in the individual congregation, which created an effective means of providing medical care for those within the Christian community. I shall suggest that hospitals, which constituted a distinctively Christian contribution to health-care, developed in the fourth century out of a long tradition of caring for the sick within a parochial context. Chapter four will trace the history of lay orders of care-givers that were created in the large cities of the Roman Empire in the third and fourth centuries. They were effective in providing emergency care in urban areas that were without any systematic or organized efforts to treat plague victims. Chapter five will discuss the development of a specifically Christian form of medical ethics, which incorporated earlier Hippocratic medical ethics but modified them at important points and situated them within the framework of Christian theology. The concluding chapter will attempt to recreate the early Christian understanding of disease, in which Christians viewed sickness and physical disability as part of the natural order in a world that was under the dominion of sin and yet providentially ordered by God. I shall argue that there existed tensions as well as compatibilities that were latent, if not always evident, in early Christian attitudes to medicine and healing. The goal is a substantial book-length manuscript that will constitute a comprehensive study of medicine and health-care among the Christian communities of the first five centuries of their existence.