Emotion Regulation and Its Consequences

情绪调节及其后果

• 批准号: 7052030
• 负责人: JAMES J GROSS
• 金额: $ 54.63万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-13 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7052030
• 关键词: autonomic nervous system; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; blood pressure; body temperature; clinical research; cognition; data collection methodology /evaluation; electromyography; emotional adjustment; emotions; functional magnetic resonance imaging; heart rate; human subject; longitudinal human study; mental health; mind control; neuroregulation; personality; physiologic stressor; psychological defense mechanism; psychological stressor; psychophysiology; questionnaires; social psychology; stress management

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): The overall goal of this application is to understand two fundamental strategies for regulating emotion. Cognitive reappraisal involves changing how one thinks about an emotion-eliciting situation in order to decrease emotion. Expressive suppression involves changing how one behaves in an emotion-eliciting situation in order to decrease emotion. Our framework is a model of emotion regulation that distinguishes among regulation strategies based on when during the emotion-generative process the strategy has its primary impact. In this model, reappraisal acts early, and efficiently shuts down the entire emotion before emotion response tendencies have been fully activated. Suppression acts later on, and inefficiently shuts down just behavior. This model suggests that reappraisal should generally have more favorable affective and social consequences than suppression. We propose to test these predictions using two complementary research approaches (experimental, correlational) and assessing multiple response domains (experiential, behavioral, autonomic, neural). Study 1 addresses how reappraisal and suppression alter affective response magnitude. Study 2 tests predictions regarding affective response coherence, and examines how dissociations between experience and behavior influence autonomic responding. To provide converging evidence for our model, Studies 3A and 3B use fMRI to examine the neural bases of the affective processes tested in Studies 1 and 2. Study 4 addresses short term social consequences of reappraisal and suppression, and tests several mediators. Study 5 takes a longer-term perspective, and examines the cumulative affective and social consequences of individual differences in the use of reappraisal and suppression with a 5-year longitudinal study of young adults undergoing two major life transitions. These programmatic and theoretically motivated studies coordinate experimental and individual-difference approaches to test the role reappraisal and suppression play inaffective and social functioning, and to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie these effects. The broad, on regulation processes, laying the foundation for advances in theory long-term objective of this research is to further our understanding of basic emotion and emotion-regulation processes, laying the foundation for advances in theory and clinical interventions that will improve psychological and physical health.

描述（由研究者提供）：该应用程序的总体目标是了解调节情绪的两种基本策略。认知重新评估涉及改变一个人对引发情绪的情况的看法，以减少情绪。表达性抑制涉及改变一个人在引发情绪的情况下的行为方式，以减少情绪。我们的框架是一个情绪调节模型，它根据策略在情绪生成过程中何时产生主要影响来区分调节策略。在这个模型中，重新评估会尽早发挥作用，并在情绪反应倾向完全激活之前有效地关闭整个情绪。压制稍后才会起作用，并且低效地阻止了正义的行为。该模型表明，重新评估通常应该比抑制产生更有利的情感和社会后果。我们建议使用两种互补的研究方法（实验、相关）来测试这些预测，并评估多个响应领域（经验、行为、自主、神经）。研究 1 探讨了重新评估和抑制如何改变情感反应的强度。研究 2 测试了有关情感反应一致性的预测，并研究了经验和行为之间的分离如何影响自主反应。为了为我们的模型提供一致的证据，研究 3A 和 3B 使用功能磁共振成像来检查研究 1 和 2 中测试的情感过程的神经基础。研究 4 解决了重新评估和抑制的短期社会后果，并测试了几个中介因素。研究5采取更长远的视角，通过对经历两次重大人生转变的年轻人进行为期5年的纵向研究，考察了个体差异在使用重新评价和抑制方面所产生的累积情感和社会后果。这些程序性和理论驱动的研究协调实验和个体差异的方法，以测试重新评估和抑制的作用对情感和社会功能的影响，并阐明这些影响背后的机制。广泛的调节过程为理论进步奠定基础本研究的长期目标是进一步加深我们对基本情绪和情绪调节过程的理解，为改善心理和身体健康的理论和临床干预措施的进步奠定基础。