3D printing and properties of multi-material structures and devices

3D 打印以及多材料结构和设备的特性

• 批准号: 2731024
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2731024
• 关键词: 3D; printing; properties; multi; material

3D printing and additive manufacturing has matured rapidly in the last decade for the direct production of shaped components made from metallic alloys, ceramics, polymers and biomaterials. In some cases, commercial products have been brought to market successfully on the basis of novel geometries or reduced number of manufacturing steps enabled by additive manufacture (AM). But in many cases existing technologies continue to deliver components with sufficient performance at significant lower unit cost that AM. More recently, higher added value AM components comprising multi-materials manufactured in a single operation by additive manufacture have started to be explored. These developments have been enabled by a wider range of affordable additive manufacturing techniques and an ever-widening palette of printable materials. Unlike mono-material components, these single-step multi-material components and devices can offer both faster manufacturing, and in some case, new functionalities.We have developed and exploited new multi-material approaches to form functional devices for use in the telecommunications sector, including graded index microwave lenses, spiral phase plates and dielectric origami for antenna tuning. We have also printed resonating meta-materials - artificial materials that have properties unavailable from single material classes.This project aims to identify and exploit new and previously unexplored processing approaches to build dielectric materials, including meta-materials, with graded or periodic dielectric properties using single-step, multi-material printing. The project will involve the modification of printers by the addition of new deposition heads, and software modifications as needed. The way different materials interact dynamically in the build process as they are co-deposited will be studied to understand how visco-elastic or rheological properties, temperature, surface tension, etc. affect the final quality (defects, porosity, tolerance, surface finish, etc.) of the multi-material build. Because multi-material fabrication opens up a wide design space, numerical simulation of potential designs is an essential component of the research, and will be undertaken using CST, Comsol and other commercial codes. Parametric simulation studies will be undertaken to assess the influence of material arrangements and geometry on key properties such as microwave gain, directivity and far-field behaviour of various simple optic-like devices. Having simulated and then built multi-material assemblies according to optimised designs, the devices will be assessed by a range of techniques including microstructural assessment by various microscopies and X-ray microtomography, and mechanical testing (for example in the case of mechanically actuated dielectric origami). Far field microwave measurements in an anechoic chamber, in collaboration with the Department of Engineering Science, will also be used to reconcile design and simulated performance with performance in practice, and will allow model validation and an understanding of the influence of manufacturing defects on device performance. In certain cases, we will also develop bespoke printable materials, for example where specific values of permittivity or permeability are required. This project falls within the EPSRC (i) information and communication technologies, and (ii) manufacturing the future research areas.

3D打印和增材制造在过去十年中迅速成熟，用于直接生产由金属合金、陶瓷、聚合物和生物材料制成的成型部件。在某些情况下，商业产品已经成功地推向市场，其基础是通过增材制造（AM）实现的新颖几何形状或减少的制造步骤数量。但在许多情况下，现有技术继续以显著低于AM的单位成本提供具有足够性能的组件。最近，已经开始探索包括通过增材制造在单个操作中制造的多种材料的更高附加值的增材制造部件。这些发展得益于更广泛的可负担得起的增材制造技术和不断扩大的可打印材料。与单一材料组件不同，这些一步多材料组件和器件既可以提供更快的制造速度，在某些情况下，还可以提供新的功能。我们开发和利用了新的多材料方法来形成用于电信领域的功能器件，包括渐变折射率微波透镜，螺旋相位板和用于天线调谐的电介质折纸。我们还打印了共振超材料-具有单一材料类别无法提供的特性的人造材料。该项目旨在识别和开发新的和以前未开发的处理方法，以构建介电材料，包括超材料，使用单步，多材料打印具有分级或周期性介电特性。该项目将涉及通过增加新的沉积头来改造打印机，并根据需要修改软件。将研究不同材料在共沉积时在构建过程中动态相互作用的方式，以了解粘弹性或流变特性、温度、表面张力等如何影响最终质量（缺陷、孔隙率、公差、表面光洁度等）。多材料建筑。由于多材料制造开辟了广阔的设计空间，潜在设计的数值模拟是研究的一个重要组成部分，将使用CST，Comsol和其他商业代码进行。将进行参数模拟研究，以评估材料安排和几何形状对各种简单光学类器件的微波增益、方向性和远场行为等关键特性的影响。根据优化设计模拟并构建多材料组件后，将通过一系列技术对设备进行评估，包括通过各种显微镜和X射线显微断层扫描进行微观结构评估，以及机械测试（例如机械驱动的电介质折纸）。与工程科学系合作，在消声室中进行的远场微波测量也将用于协调设计和模拟性能与实际性能，并将允许模型验证和理解制造缺陷对设备性能的影响。在某些情况下，我们还将开发定制的可打印材料，例如需要特定介电常数或磁导率值的材料。该项目属于EPSRC（i）信息和通信技术，（ii）制造业未来研究领域的福尔斯。