Educational Differences in U.S. Adult Mortality

美国成人死亡率的教育差异

• 批准号: 7133463
• 负责人: ROBERT A HUMMER
• 金额: $ 28.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7133463
• 关键词: age difference; body weight; employment /unemployment; gender difference; health disparity; health services research tag; human data; human mortality; human population study; income; occupations; racial /ethnic difference; smoking; socioeconomics; tobacco abuse; training level

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The persistent educational differences in mortality in the United States represent a troubling and challenging issue. Recent research finds that U.S. adults with less than a high school education had nearly twice the risk of mortality in a five-year follow-up period compared to adults with graduate degrees. This translates into 5-to-7 years of differential life expectancy at age 25 across educational groups, depending on the specific sex and racial/ethnic group in question. The overall goal of our research is to improve the understanding of the linkage between educational attainment and overall and cause-specific adult mortality within the population as a whole and among various subgroups of the adult population. Although the overall relationship between educational level and adult mortality risk has been quite well documented since the classic Kitagawa-Hauser (1973) study that used 1960 data, surprisingly little attention has been given to how this relationship varies by race/ethnicity, nativity, gender, age, and cause of death. Further, there are considerable debates regarding the extent to which educational differences in mortality have been widening or narrowing over time, whether or not educational differences in mortality widen or narrow with increasing age, and how other socioeconomic and health variables mediate the relationship between education and mortality risk. We will use data from the National Health Interview Survey-Multiple Cause of Death (NHIS-MCD) linked files to accomplish our goal. The MCD links the National Death Index through 2002 to the 1986 through 2000 cross-sectional waves of the NHIS. These linked data provide information on: (1) nearly 1 million U.S. adults aged 25 and above followed for subsequent survival status for up to 17 years; (2) over 100,000 identified subsequent deaths, with information on both date and cause of death; (3) enough racial/ethnic/nativity, gender, and age diversity to examine very detailed patterns of mortality for specific subgroups of the population; (4) a long enough time period to examine duration and cohort differences in the education mortality relationship. Further, measures of socioeconomic status (including family income, employment status, and occupational status) and information on cigarette smoking and body weight and height are available in these data, which will allow us to better understand how education, at least in part, may work through other socioeconomic variables, cigarette smoking, and weight-for-height to influence adult mortality risks in the United States. The proposed research addresses a topic of immense scientific and public policy interest and will help to inform a great deal of other current work that examines educational differences in health changes, health behavior, and disability trajectories throughout the life course.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国死亡率的持续教育差异是一个令人不安且具有挑战性的问题。最近的研究发现，与研究生学位的成年人相比，高中教育的美国成年人在五年的随访期内死亡的风险几乎是死亡率的两倍。根据所讨论的特定性别和种族/种族，这转化为25岁的25岁以下年龄差异5至7年的预期寿命。我们研究的总体目的是提高对整个人口中以及成年人口各个子组之间教育程度与总体和原因特定成人死亡率之间的联系的理解。虽然 自从使用1960年数据的Classic Kitagawa-Hauser（1973）研究以来，教育水平和成人死亡率风险已得到充分记录，令人惊讶的是，人们对这种关系如何随种族/种族，诞生，性别，性别，年龄和死亡原因而变化。此外，关于死亡率的教育差异随着时间的流逝而扩大或狭窄的程度，死亡率的教育差异是否随着年龄的增长而扩大或狭窄，以及其他社会经济和健康变量如何介导教育和死亡率风险之间的关系。我们将使用《国家健康访谈调查 - 多重死亡原因》（NHIS-MCD）链接文件的数据来实现我们的目标。 MCD将整个国家死亡指数与1986年至2000年NHIS的横截面浪潮联系起来。这些链接的数据提供了有关：（1）近100万25岁及以上的美国成年人随后的生存状况长达17年； （2）超过100,000人确定了随后的死亡，并提供了有关死亡日期和原因的信息； （3）足够的种族/种族/诞生，性别和年龄多样性，以检查人口特定亚组的死亡率非常详细； （4）足够长的时间来检查教育死亡率关系的持续时间和队列差异。此外，在这些数据中可以使用社会经济状况（包括家庭收入，就业状况和职业状况）以及有关吸烟，体重和身高的信息的衡量标准，这将使我们能够更好地理解教育至少部分地可以通过其他社会经济变量，香烟吸烟，烟雾吸烟，体重 - 高体重来影响成人的成人死亡率风险。拟议的研究涉及一个巨大科学和公共政策的话题 兴趣，并将有助于为其他当前的工作提供大量研究，这些工作研究整个生命过程中的健康变化，健康行为和残疾轨迹的教育差异。