Food Rheology and Feeding in Lean and Obese Humans

瘦人和肥胖人的食物流变学和喂养

• 批准号: 7100880
• 负责人: RICHARD D MATTES
• 金额: $ 23.2万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7100880
• 关键词: appetite; behavioral /social science research tag; bioenergetics; body composition; cholecystokinin; clinical research; diet route /schedule; digestion; eating; fluid flow; glucose; human subject; insulin; leptin; neuropeptide Y; nonblood rheology; nutrient intake activity; obesity; oral behavior; satiations; solid state; viscosity

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The 2010 National Health Objectives call for a reduction in the prevalence of obesity. The marked recent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence implicates behavioral factors in the etiology of the epidemic. The present proposal hypothesizes the trend is attributable, in part, to increasing consumption of energy yielding beverages since they are a significant and increasing source of dietary energy and they elicit weaker appetitive and dietary responses than solid foods. Three human studies are proposed to more fully characterize attributes of liquids and solids that may account for the differential appetitive responses they elicit, potential contributory mechanisms as well as the dietary implications of their consumption. Study 1 will contrast the acute effects of fluid and solid foods varying in macronutrient content on satiation, satiety and feeding. Study 2 will determine if the pattern of fluid and solid item ingestion influences satiety and feeding by monitoring appetitive and dietary responses to energy- and macronutrient-matched fluid and solid loads ingested as meal components or between meal "snacks." To better assess the clinical implications of diets incorporating liquid or solid supplements, study 3 will entail chronic ingestion of matched energy-yielding fluid or solid loads with concurrent measurement of appetite, dietary intake, energy expenditure and body weight/composition. Because carbohydrate is the predominant source of energy in beverages and contributes disproportionately to the increasing level of energy intake, our initial search for a mechanism underlying the differential responses to fluid and solid foods relates to carbohydrate metabolism. A critical review of the literature and pilot studies suggest the glucose, insulin, leptin, neuropeptide-Y cascade may be involved and will be targeted for evaluation as part of study 3. We also have evidence implicating cholecystokinin so, this peptide will be assessed. All studies will be conducted with lean and obese individuals to explore the possibility that weaker responses to fluids by the obese may be especially problematic for energy balance in this group. This novel hypothesis regarding a differential response to energy-yielding fluid and solid foods stems from a solid scientific literature and should yield new insights for management of one of the nations most serious public health problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：2010 年国家健康目标呼吁减少肥胖症的患病率。最近超重和肥胖患病率显着增加表明行为因素是该流行病的病因。目前的提议假设这一趋势部分归因于能量饮料消费的增加，因为它们是膳食能量的重要且不断增长的来源，并且与固体食物相比，它们引起的食欲和饮食反应较弱。提出了三项人体研究，以更全面地描述液体和固体的属性，这些属性可能解释它们引起的不同食欲反应、潜在的贡献机制以及食用它们的饮食影响。研究 1 将对比常量营养素含量不同的流质食物和固体食物对饱腹感、饱腹感和进食的急性影响。研究2将通过监测对作为膳食成分或两餐“零食”之间摄入的能量和常量营养素匹配的液体和固体负荷的食欲和饮食反应，确定液体和固体食物的摄入模式是否影响饱腹感和进食。为了更好地评估包含液体或固体补充剂的饮食的临床意义，研究 3 将需要长期摄入相匹配的产生能量的液体或固体负荷，同时测量食欲、饮食摄入量、能量消耗和体重/成分。由于碳水化合物是饮料中能量的主要来源，并且对能量摄入水平的增加贡献不成比例，因此我们最初寻找与碳水化合物代谢有关的对液体和固体食物的差异反应的机制。对文献和初步研究的严格审查表明，葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素、神经肽-Y 级联可能参与其中，并将作为研究 3 的一部分进行评估。我们还有涉及胆囊收缩素的证据，因此将评估该肽。所有研究都将针对瘦人和肥胖者进行，以探讨肥胖者对液体的较弱反应可能对这一群体的能量平衡造成特别问题的可能性。这种关于对产生能量的液体和固体食物的不同反应的新假设源于可靠的科学文献，并且应该为管理美国最严重的公共卫生问题之一提供新的见解。