Pre-Ingestive Influences on Solid and Fluid Food Intake in Lean and Obease Adults

摄入前对瘦和肥胖成年人固体和流质食物摄入量的影响

• 批准号: 7654887
• 负责人: RICHARD D MATTES
• 金额: $ 44万
• 依托单位: PURDUE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7654887
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Behavior; Behavioral; Beverages; Biological; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Body Weight Changes; Calories; Carbohydrates; Cephalic; Characteristics; Cognition; Cognitive; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Cues; Data; Desire for food; Development; Diet; Disinhibition; Eating; Endocrine; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Energy-Generating Resources; Epidemic; Esthesia; Etiology; Exclusion; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Feeding behaviors; Female; Food; Food Processing; Frequencies; Fruit; Gastrointestinal Transit; Genetic; Glucose; Goals; Hormones; Human; Individual; Ingestion; Insulin; Intake; Intervention; Intestines; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Link; Liquid substance; Macronutrients Nutrition; Mastication; Measures; Mechanics; Metabolic; Monitor; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Nutrient; Obesity; Oral; Outcome; Outcome Study; Overweight; Pattern; Peptides; Phase; Phenotype; Physiological; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Process; Property; Proteins; Recommendation; Regulation; Reporting; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Role; Satiation; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Solid; Stimulus; Sweetening Agents; System; Testing; Time; Weight; Weight Gain; Work; base; drinking; effective intervention; energy balance; expectation; feeding; high risk; improved; indexing; male; product development; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; stem; sugar; sweetened beverage; trait; treatment effect; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The marked recent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence implicates behavioral factors in the etiology of these problems and, as a consequence, suggests strategies for intervention. The present proposal hypothesizes the trend is attributable, in part, to increasing consumption of energy-yielding beverages since their consumption has risen in concert with BMI trends, their inclusion or exclusion from diets leads to predictable weight changes, they now contribute over 20% of daily energy in the population and they elicit weaker appetitive and dietary responses than semi-solid or solid foods. Four human studies are proposed to contrast an array of appetitive and physiological responses to selected pre-ingestive (e.g., cognitive, orosensory, masticatory) influences on ingestion of fluid and solid food forms. Early work indicated the expected energy content of foods better predicted their impact on appetite than their true energy content and rheological properties influence this expectation. Study 1 will explore the anticipated satiety effects, GI transit time, gut hormone secretion and glycemic response to ingestion of matched fluid and solid food forms by manipulating the expected and actual rheological properties of the foods prior to and following ingestion. A heirarchy of appetitive effects have been reported for the macronutrients, but appear less predictable in fluids. Study 2 will monitor appetitive responses to fluid and solid foods varying in nutrient content to clarify this issue. Because of hypothesized independent and synergistic effects of mastication on appetite, GI transit, gut hormone secretion and glycemic responses, these outcomes will be measured following controlled masticatory activity in conjunction with drinking. Study 4 will examine the role of cephalic phase responses on post-prandial glucose, insulin and selected gut peptide concentrations using fluid and solid dietary stimuli. In addition, the role of learning in these responses will be tested. Increasing evidence suggests that the reward system may override homeostatic appetitive cues in the regulation of feeding. All trials will contrast findings from lean and obese individuals to determine whether the regulatory mechanisms for energy balance may be less precise, especially for beverages, in the latter group. The findings should aid development of dietary recommendations and products to address the problems of overweight/obesity. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Beverages contribute over 20% of daily energy intake. Because they have low satiety value and elicit only weak compensatory dietary responses, they have been implicated in weight gain and obesity. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which beverages and other food forms differ in their impact on energy balance is warranted to support or challenge the behavioral data linking beverage intake to obesity and to develop effective intervention strategies for weight management. This project will explore whether pre-ingestive factors (e.g., cognition, orosensory cues, mastication) associated with beverage versus solid food ingestion differentially elicit appetitive, dietary and physiological (e.g., GI transit, gut endocrine secretion, glycemia) responses involved in energy balance in lean and obese individuals.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近超重和肥胖患病率的显着增加表明这些问题的病因中存在行为因素，因此提出了干预策略。目前的提议假设，这一趋势部分归因于能量饮料消费量的增加，因为能量饮料的消费量随着BMI趋势而增加，将其纳入或排除在饮食中会导致可预测的体重变化，它们现在贡献了人口每日能量的20%以上，并且与半固体或固体食物相比，它们引起的食欲和饮食反应较弱。提出了四项人体研究，以对比一系列食欲和生理反应对选定的摄入前（例如认知、口腔感觉、咀嚼）对液体和固体食物形式摄入的影响。早期的研究表明，食物的预期能量含量可以更好地预测其对食欲的影响，而不是其真实能量含量和流变特性影响这一预期。研究1将通过控制食物在摄入之前和之后的预期和实际流变特性，探讨摄入相匹配的液体和固体食物形式的预期饱腹感、胃肠道传输时间、肠道激素分泌和血糖反应。据报道，常量营养素具有一系列的食欲效应，但在液体中似乎难以预测。研究 2 将监测对营养成分不同的液体和固体食物的食欲反应，以澄清这个问题。由于假设咀嚼对食欲、胃肠道转运、肠道激素分泌和血糖反应具有独立和协同作用，因此将在控制咀嚼活动与饮酒结合后测量这些结果。研究 4 将使用液体和固体饮食刺激来检查头相反应对餐后葡萄糖、胰岛素和选定的肠肽浓度的作用。此外，学习在这些反应中的作用也将受到测试。越来越多的证据表明，奖励系统可能会凌驾于进食调节中的稳态食欲线索。所有试验都将对比瘦人和肥胖者的研究结果，以确定后者的能量平衡调节机制是否不太精确，特别是对于饮料。研究结果应有助于制定饮食建议和产品，以解决超重/肥胖问题。公共健康相关性：饮料占每日能量摄入量的 20% 以上。由于它们的饱腹感较低，并且仅引起较弱的补偿性饮食反应，因此它们与体重增加和肥胖有关。有必要更好地了解饮料和其他食物形式对能量平衡影响的不同机制，以支持或挑战将饮料摄入与肥胖联系起来的行为数据，并制定有效的体重管理干预策略。该项目将探讨与饮料和固体食物摄入相关的摄入前因素（例如认知、口腔感觉线索、咀嚼）是否会差异性地引起瘦人和肥胖个体能量平衡中涉及的食欲、饮食和生理（例如胃肠道运输、肠道内分泌分泌、血糖）反应。