PREDICTORS OF SMOKING BEHAVIORS IN U.S. BLACK WOMEN

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟是非洲裔美国妇女患病和死亡的主要原因。虽然非裔美国女性和白人女性的吸烟率大体相似，但在吸烟行为上也存在重要差异。非裔美国女性更有可能在戒烟、使用薄荷烟和每天吸烟较少方面不太成功。然而，人们对影响非裔美国女性吸烟行为的因素知之甚少。这项研究将通过确定影响吸烟行为关键方面的因素——非裔美国女性吸烟者的戒烟、复吸和薄荷烟使用——来缩小这一知识差距。我们将使用黑人妇女健康研究（BWHS）中收集的数据，这是一项针对美国黑人妇女的大型全国性前瞻性研究。BWHS在1995年开始时有9350名吸烟者，目前有8年的随访到2003年。对随访期间戒烟和复吸的预测因素进行前瞻性、纵向分析，研究对象为7260名女性，她们在入组时吸烟，并在2003年和1997、1999、2001年分别提交了一份问卷和至少两份问卷。对薄荷香烟使用情况的分析将是横断面分析，因为有关吸烟是否含薄荷的信息是在2003年才获得的。这两组分析都以社会背景模型为指导，该模型认识到吸烟受到各种领域（社会人口、个人、人际、组织、社区和社会）的广泛因素的影响。分析将确定戒烟、复发和薄荷醇卷烟使用的重要预测因素，并评估每个领域的相对重要性。研究中考虑的措施包括群体水平（即人口普查邻里特征、州级烟草控制措施的力度）以及个人水平因素。反映数据层次结构的多层次模型将用于评估社区和州层面变量的影响，控制个人层面的措施。这项研究在规模和范围上都使以往任何关于黑人女性吸烟行为预测因素的研究相形见绌。该项目的结果将是更好地了解非裔美国妇女吸烟的动态，这将为进一步的工作提供信息，并为更有效的干预措施奠定基础，以减少黑人妇女吸烟。由于所有数据收集都由父母赠款支持，因此成本不大。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cigarette smoking is a major cause of illness and death among African-American women. While smoking prevalence is generally similar for African-American women and white women, there are also important differences in smoking behavior. African-American women are more likely to be less successful in quitting, use menthol cigarettes, and smoke fewer cigarettes per day. However, little is known about factors that influence smoking behavior among African-American women. This study will diminish this knowledge gap by identifying factors that affect key aspects of smoking behavior-quitting, relapse, and menthol cigarette use among African-American women smokers. We will use data collected in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large national prospective study of U.S. black women. The BWHS had 9,350 current smokers at entry in 1995 and currently has eight years of follow-up through 2003. A prospective, longitudinal analysis of predictors of quitting and relapse over the follow-up period will be performed on 7,260 women who smoked at entry, returned a 2003 questionnaire, and returned at least two of the 1997, 1999, and 2001 questionnaires. Analysis of menthol cigarette use will be cross-sectional because information on whether the cigarette smoked was mentholated was obtained only in 2003. Both sets of analyses are guided by a social-contextual model which recognizes that smoking is influenced by a wide range of factors operating in a variety of domains (sociodemographic, personal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal). Analyses will both identify important predictors of cessation, relapse, and menthol cigarette use, and evaluate the relative importance of each domain. Measures considered in the study include group-level (i.e., Census neighborhood characteristics, strength of state-level tobacco control measures) as well as individual level factors. Multilevel models reflecting the hierarchical structure of the data will be used to assess the effect of neighborhood- and state-level variables, controlling for individual-level measures. This study dwarfs in size and scope any previous study of predictors of smoking behaviors in black women. The outcome of this project will be a better understanding of the dynamics of smoking among African-American women, which will inform further work and lay the basis for more effective interventions to reduce smoking in black women The cost is modest because all data collection has been supported by the parent grant.