Psychological and Biological Antecedents of Health Behavior Decisions

健康行为决策的心理和生物学前因

• 批准号: 7192943
• 负责人: SHELLEY E TAYLOR
• 金额: $ 27.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7192943
• 关键词: amygdala; behavioral /social science research tag; cingulate gyrus; clinical research; cortisol; decision making; electrocardiography; face expression; family structure /dynamics; functional magnetic resonance imaging; gene environment interaction; genotype; health behavior; human subject; hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; hypothalamus; interleukin 6; low socioeconomic status; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychological stressor; psychoneuroimmunology; questionnaires; self concept; social support network; tumor necrosis factor alpha

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Psychosocial processes are implicated in health decisions and in mental and physical health outcomes across the lifespan. However, little research has explored their origins in genetic, early environment, and neurocognitive processes in conjunction with these consequences. The proposed research examines genetic, SES, and family environment origins of psychosocial resources/risk factors and the neural mechanisms (ACC, amygdala, hypothalamus, RFC) that link them to poor health behaviors and psychological and biological (cardiovascular, HPA axis, proinflammatory cytokine) stress responses. Young adults (N= 120) complete assessments of early environment and psychosocial resources/risk factors and are genotyped for genes related to the serotonin and dopamine systems. In a neuroimaging sub-study, half the sample completes tasks previously demonstrated to evoke ACC, amygdala, and PFC responses to threatening tasks. All participants participate in the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST), during which cardiovascular responses, cortisol, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and sTNF-RII) are assessed. We test predictions that 1) Psychosocial resources/risk factors derive, in part, from individual differences in genes related to dopaminergic and serontonergic functioning, from an early family environment, and from their interaction; 2) Psychosocial resources (optimism, mastery, self-esteem, social support) are evident at the neural level in lower dACC, amygdala, and hypothalamic responses to threat and greater PFC responses to threats; 3) Poor health decisions and psychosocial risk factors (e.g., negative emotionality, low SES, early adverse environment) are evident at the neural level in higher dACC, amygdala, and hypothalamic, and lower PFC responses to threat; and 4) Deficits in psychosocial resources will be associated with poor health decisions through pathways implicating genetic differences, early environment, and neural differences in responsivity to threat-related stimuli as predictors, and enhanced biological/psychological responses to stress as consequences. Evidence in support of these hypotheses will provide an integrated assessment of the early environment, genetic, and neural mechanisms that underlie health decision making and mental and physical health outcomes. As such, the research brings a lifespan approach to an integration of genetics, psychoneuroimmunology, health psychology, and social neuroscience.

描述（由申请人提供）：心理社会过程与整个生命周期的健康决策以及身心健康结果有关。然而，很少有研究探讨它们在遗传、早期环境和神经认知过程中的起源以及这些后果。拟议的研究考察了心理社会资源/风险因素的遗传、社会经济地位和家庭环境起源，以及将它们与不良健康行为和心理和生物（心血管、HPA轴、促炎细胞因子）应激反应联系起来的神经机制（ACC、杏仁核、下丘脑、RFC）。年轻人 (N= 120) 完成对早期环境和心理社会资源/风险因素的评估，并对与血清素和多巴胺系统相关的基因进行基因分型。在一项神经影像学子研究中，一半的样本完成了先前证明能够唤起 ACC、杏仁核和 PFC 对威胁任务的反应的任务。所有参与者都参加特里尔社会压力任务 (TSST)，在此期间评估心血管反应、皮质醇和促炎细胞因子（IL-6 和 sTNF-RII）。我们测试以下预测：1）心理社会资源/风险因素部分源自与多巴胺能和血清素能功能相关的基因的个体差异，源自早期家庭环境及其相互作用； 2) 心理社会资源（乐观、掌控、自尊、社会支持）在较低的 dACC、杏仁核和下丘脑对威胁的反应以及较高的 PFC 对威胁的反应的神经水平上是明显的； 3) 不良的健康决策和心理社会风险因素（例如消极情绪、低SES、早期不利环境）在较高的dACC、杏仁核和下丘脑的神经水平以及较低的PFC对威胁的反应中很明显； 4) 心理社会资源的缺陷将与不良的健康决策相关，这些途径涉及遗传差异、早期环境和对威胁相关刺激反应的神经差异作为预测因素，以及对压力作为后果的增强的生物/心理反应。支持这些假设的证据将对构成健康决策以及身心健康结果的早期环境、遗传和神经机制提供综合评估。因此，这项研究将遗传学、心理神经免疫学、健康心理学和社会神经科学相结合，提出了一种生命周期方法。