Social and Neural Bases of Vulnerability to Fraud in Older Adults

老年人容易遭受欺诈的社会和神经基础

• 批准号: 7910416
• 负责人: SHELLEY E TAYLOR
• 金额: $ 31.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7910416
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Brain region; Coronary heart disease; Cues; Elderly; Emotions; Face; Facial Expression; Financial Support; Fraud; Health; Insula of Reil; Investments; Judgment; Loneliness; Medicare; Mental Health; Methodology; Outcome; Perception; Policies; Precipitating Factors; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psyche structure; Public Health; Scheme; Shock; Social Security; Social isolation; Societies; Stimulus; Structure of superior temporal sulcus; Testing; Time; Trust; age difference; age related; base; cognitive function; emotion regulation; experience; functional decline; literacy; mortality; neural patterning; neuroimaging; physical conditioning; positive emotional state; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; social; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Older adults are disproportionately vulnerable to a wide range of dubious financial schemes, although the reasons for their vulnerability are not clear. We propose six studies that use experimental and neuroimaging methodologies to explore the social and neural bases of this vulnerability. We examine age differences in trust and the ability to use cues of untrustworthiness to decode facial expressions (Study 1); identify patterns of neural activity underlying these age differences (Study 2); evaluate whether older adults evaluate financial messages that vary in credibility more positively than younger adults (Study 3); determine whether faces perceived to be trustworthy enhance receptivity to low credibility investment messages (Study 4); address whether older adults show impaired ability to detect deceit (Study 5); and identify the neural underpinnings of age-related differences in the ability to detect deceit (Study 6). In addition, all of the studies examine how dispositional trust, loneliness, social contact, cognitive functioning, time frame, and financial literacy affect perceptions of trust, deceit, financial messages, and their neural underpinnings. Taken together, the studies explore how: social isolation; declines in older adults' ability to decode deceit and recognize cues of untrustworthiness; an inappropriately high trust of strangers; age differences in emotion regulation processes (less frequent experience of negative emotion and more frequent experience of positive emotion); and age differences in the functioning of brain regions related to the processing of negative stimuli, especially the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, insula, and superior temporal sulcus (STS) are related to vulnerability to financial scams. The financial health of older adults is critically important for their mental and physical health. The ability to identify precisely why older adults demonstrate vulnerability to financial scams will be helpful in pinpointing policies that may be developed to reduce this vulnerability. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The financial health of older adults is critically related to their physical and mental health needs, as a financial shock can be a precipitating factor for poor health outcomes, including coronary heart disease, functional decline, and mortality. Further, financial reversals at older ages have significant implications for the wider society; as such people are likely to become more reliant on governmental health and financial support programs such as Medicare and Social Security. Consequently, the public health implications of older adults' vulnerability to financial fraud are manifold.

描述（由申请人提供）：老年人不成比例地容易受到各种可疑金融计划的影响，尽管他们易受伤害的原因尚不清楚。我们提出了六项研究，使用实验和神经成像方法来探索这种脆弱性的社会和神经基础。我们研究了信任的年龄差异和使用不可信线索解码面部表情的能力（研究1）；识别这些年龄差异背后的神经活动模式（研究2）；评估老年人是否比年轻人更积极地评价可信度不同的金融信息（研究3）；确定被认为值得信赖的面孔是否会提高对低可信度投资信息的接受度（研究4）；解决老年人是否表现出识别欺骗的能力受损（研究5）；并确定与年龄相关的识别欺骗能力差异的神经基础（研究6）。此外，所有的研究都考察了性格信任、孤独、社会联系、认知功能、时间框架和金融素养如何影响信任、欺骗、金融信息及其神经基础的感知。总的来说，这些研究探讨了：社会孤立；老年人识破欺骗和识别不可信线索的能力下降；对陌生人不适当的高度信任；情绪调节过程的年龄差异（消极情绪经历较少，积极情绪经历较多）；与负刺激处理相关的大脑区域，特别是杏仁核、前额叶皮层、脑岛和颞上沟（STS）的功能在年龄上的差异与金融诈骗的易感性有关。老年人的财务健康对他们的身心健康至关重要。准确确定老年人易受金融诈骗影响的原因的能力，将有助于确定可能制定的减少这种脆弱性的政策。