symbols of Unity: Pride Flags and the Development of LGBTQ+ Identities in London, Berlin, and New York after Stonewall.

在世纪，骄傲旗与LGBTQ+社区密不可分。彩虹旗，例如，最出名的是它与那些在LGBTQ+保护伞下识别的人的联系。然而，尽管它们在今天很突出，但在历史奖学金中找到任何关于骄傲旗帜的参考资料是一项令人惊讶的挑战性任务。考虑到这些符号的历史重要性，文献中的这种缺失提出了重要的研究问题。彩虹骄傲旗起源于20世纪70年代末在旧金山弗朗西斯科举行的骄傲游行，此后成为LGBTQ+社区的全球认可的象征。彩虹骄傲旗是如何超越空间原点的，至今没有答案。因此，这个项目的核心问题是，彩虹骄傲旗是如何以及为什么能够成为LGBTQ+社区全球公认的象征。本项目以伦敦、柏林和纽约为研究对象，探讨这些都市空间中的酷儿亚文化及其跨国联系。它提出，在这些网络中存在着最有可能的方法，通过这种方法，该符号能够到达旧金山弗朗西斯科以外的LGBTQ+识别社区。这些社区如何提升彩虹骄傲旗，以及随后的特定身份骄傲旗，今天将通过社区在骄傲游行/节日等活动中使用这些旗帜来探索它们的全球认可地位。在探索这段被忽视的历史时，这个项目旨在重新发现一个社区失去的历史，并突出彩虹骄傲旗力量的起源。

In the twenty-first century, pride flags are inseparable from LGBTQ+ communities. The rainbow flag, for example, is best known for its association with those who identify under the LGBTQ+ umbrella. Despite their prominence today, however, finding any reference to pride flags in historical scholarship is a surprisingly challenging task. Given the historical importance of these symbols, this absence in the literature raises important research questions. Originating in the late 1970s for a pride march in San Francisco, the rainbow pride flag has since become a globally recognisable symbol for the LGBTQ+ community. Just how the rainbow pride flag was able to transcend its spatial point of origin remains unanswered. At the heart of this project, then, is the question of how, and why, the rainbow pride flag was able to attain its status as a globally recognisable symbol for the LGBTQ+ community. With a focus on London, Berlin, and New York, this project sets its sights on investigating the queer subcultures within these urban metropolitan spaces their transnational connections. It proposes that within these networks lie the most probable method by which the symbol was able to reach LGBTQ+ identifying communities outside of San Francisco. How these communities then elevated the rainbow pride flag, and subsequent identity-specific pride flags, to their globally recognised status today will be explored by the community's use of these flags at events such as pride marches/festivals. In exploring this otherwise overlooked history, this project aims to rediscover a community's lost history and highlight the origins of the rainbow pride flag's power.