Polymer coated surfaces for the target-agnostic diagnosis of diseases - an artificial nose approach

表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）由于其高灵敏度和多路复用能力，近年来成为一种非常有前途的传感应用技术在医学领域，它已被用作从癌症到细菌感染等疾病的成像和诊断工具此外，SERS也与“目标不可知”的疾病诊断相兼容：与依赖于检测特定分子或目标的技术相比，无标记方法不需要在样品中存在预先指定的分析物，因此减少了将拉曼探针附着到目标结合分子（例如抗体）上的合成困难和成本在Molly Stevens教授的小组中，一种基于SERS的人工鼻子方法是通过在金表面覆盖小分子形成自组装单层（SAM）来开发的当不同的分析物在该表面上分层时，它们对SAM的亲和力决定了它们相对于表面的取向，选择性地增强了不同的振动模式。然后可以对光谱进行分析，并使用PCA（主成分分析）将来自9个不同SAMs的数据组合起来，以提取有关复杂样品化学成分的信息。随着从生物介质中获得的成功，我们有兴趣通过扩展用于装饰金表面的化学功能来改进这项技术，并进一步区分健康和患病患者的样本，这些患者患有难以诊断的疾病，并且依赖于早期诊断以降低死亡率。综合工作将伴随着计算技术，这将允许人工智能分析数据并区分健康和不健康人群。参考文献：(1)王杰；梁,d;金,问:;冯,j .;生物正交SERS纳米标签作为体内SERS成像和癌症光热治疗的精确治疗平台。Bioconjug。化学，2020,31(2),182-193。https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00022.(2)哈龙，M.；Tahir m;纳瓦兹·h·;马吉德，m.i.；Al-Saadi, a.a.。表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱诊断前列腺癌：综述。Photodiagnosis Photodyn。[j] . 2022, 37, 102690。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102690.(3) Tahir, m.a.；迪娜，东北；程,h;Valev， V. K.；张丽。表面增强拉曼光谱用于生物分析和诊断。纳米材料学报，2016,36(2):559 - 563。https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR00708D.(4)金氏；托马斯，m.r.；伯格霍尔特，文学硕士；彭斯，I. J.；Seong h;Charchar p;Todorova:;Nagelkerke, a;Belessiotis-Richards, a;佩恩，d.j.；Gelmi, a;Yarovsky i;高维指纹识别的表面增强拉曼散射人工鼻。学报，2020,11(1),207。https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467 - 019 - 13615 - 2。

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged in recent years as a very promising technique for sensing applications due to its high sensitivity and multiplex capability.1 In the medical field, this has been applied as both an imaging and diagnosis tool, for diseases ranging from cancer to bacterial infections.1,2,3 Additionally, SERS is also compatible with 'target-agnostic' diagnosis of diseases: in contrast with techniques that rely on the detection of a specific molecules or targets, label-free methods do not require pre-specified analytes to be present in the sample, hence reducing the synthetic difficulties and costs associated with attaching Raman-probes to target-binding molecules (e.g. antibodies).4 Within Prof Molly Stevens' group, an artificial nose approach based on SERS was developed by covering gold surfaces with small molecules forming a self-assembling monolayer (SAM).4 When different analytes were layered on this surface, their affinity to the SAM determined their orientation with respect to the surface enhancing selectively different vibrational modes. The spectra could then be analysed and the data from 9 different SAMs combined using PCA (principal component analysis) to extract information regarding the chemical composition of complex samples. With the successes obtained from biological media, we are interested in improving this technique by expanding the chemical functionalities used to decorate the gold surface and provide further discrimination between samples from healthy and diseased patients suffering from illnesses that are hard to diagnose and rely on early diagnosis for low mortality. The synthetic work will be accompanied by computational techniques which will allow the analysis of the data by artificial intelligence and the discrimination of healthy and unhealthy populations. Bibliography:(1) Wang, J.; Liang, D.; Jin, Q.; Feng, J.; Tang, X. Bioorthogonal SERS Nanotags as a Precision Theranostic Platform for in Vivo SERS Imaging and Cancer Photothermal Therapy. Bioconjug. Chem. 2020, 31 (2), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00022.(2) Haroon, M.; Tahir, M.; Nawaz, H.; Majeed, M. I.; Al-Saadi, A. A. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: A Review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther. 2022, 37, 102690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102690.(3) Tahir, M. A.; Dina, N. E.; Cheng, H.; Valev, V. K.; Zhang, L. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalysis and Diagnosis. Nanoscale 2021, 13 (27), 11593-11634. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NR00708D.(4) Kim, N.; Thomas, M. R.; Bergholt, M. S.; Pence, I. J.; Seong, H.; Charchar, P.; Todorova, N.; Nagelkerke, A.; Belessiotis-Richards, A.; Payne, D. J.; Gelmi, A.; Yarovsky, I.; Stevens, M. M. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Artificial Nose for High Dimensionality Fingerprinting. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11 (1), 207. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13615-2.