Neighborhood Environment and Alcohol Health Disparities

社区环境和酒精健康差异

• 批准号: 7056810
• 负责人: RICHARD ALLEN SCRIBNER
• 金额: $ 20.72万
• 依托单位: LSU HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7056810
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; alcohols; behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; community planning; consumer product; data collection methodology /evaluation; geographic site; health disparity; health services research tag; human data; human mortality; information systems; longitudinal human study; meta analysis; outcomes research; social model; social status; socioeconomics; socioenvironment; statistics /biometry; violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neighborhood Environments and Alcohol Health Disparities A growing literature demonstrates that alcohol health disparities are associated with community level risk factors independent of individual race and SES. While race and individual SES are strongly associated with health disparities, neighborhood level constructs like income inequality, social capital and neighborhood conditions have independent effects on health outcomes. Alcohol outlet density is a neighborhood level condition associated with numerous outcomes responsible for alcohol disparities (e.g., intentional and unintentional injury deaths or alcohol related mortality). However, the two competing models that have been put forward to explain the effects of community level constructs on individual health view the role of alcohol outlet density differently. The psychosocial model views alcohol outlet density as a reflection of low social capital while the environmental model views alcohol outlet density as part of the causal pathway. The 1992 Civil Unrest in South Central Los Angeles resulted in 279 alcohol outlets ceasing operation. A "natural experiment" is proposed. The study area is defined as the 477 census tracts that make of the region of Los Angeles County where the civil unrest took place. Annual mortality rates (i.e. injury mortality, alcohol related mortality, and all cause mortality) and alcohol outlet densities will be generated using a Geographic Information System (GIS) for all years from 1988 to 2000. Additional measures assessing social capital and compositional measures of neighborhood socio-demographics will also be included as study measures. The hierarchical panel analysis with controls for spatial and temporal autocorrelation will test the primary study hypothesis H1: Neighborhoods in which alcohol sales ceased for one or more outlets should have experienced lower rates of alcohol related mortality after their closure if alcohol outlet density is causally linked to outcomes. Additional analysis using the results of a qualitative assessment of the effort of neighborhoods to prevent the rebuilding of outlets will attempt to control for the potential selection bias caused by non randomization. Differentiating between explanatory models accounting for alcohol health disparities is essential for the development of effect preventive interventions since the two models suggest dramatically different approaches in addresses health disparities at the neighborhood level.

描述（由申请人提供）：社区环境和酒精健康差异越来越多的文献表明，酒精健康差异与社区层面的风险因素有关，独立于个人种族和社会经济地位。虽然种族和个人社会经济地位与健康差异密切相关，但收入不平等、社会资本和社区条件等社区层面的结构对健康结果有独立的影响。酒精出口密度是一个社区水平的条件，与导致酒精差异的许多结果相关（例如，故意和无意伤害死亡或酒精相关死亡率）。然而，两种相互竞争的解释社区层面结构对个体健康影响的模型对酒精出口密度的作用有不同的看法。社会心理模型将酒精出口密度视为低社会资本的反映，而环境模型将酒精出口密度视为因果途径的一部分。