The neural correlates of antiphonal calling

描述(由申请人提供)：拟议项目的长期目标是开发反鸣叫作为灵长类皮质的模型，用于研究听觉系统和人类言语。反声叫声是一种自然的(即，未经训练的)发声行为，涉及一种动物在听到被遮挡的同种动物发出的相同叫声时发出特定于物种的长途叫声。由于这一行为包括从同种生物感知声学通信信号并产生计划的声音响应，因此它代表了对人类语音的模拟，并可用于研究这种听觉-声音相互作用的基础机制。在普通的绒猴中，逆声叫声涉及到遵循特定物种的时间动态的相互对声叫声。早期的工作表明，这种行为可以在圈养环境中通过实验诱导和操纵，并容易接受神经生物学调查。特定目标1将使用一种被称为行为驱动的即刻早期基因(IEG)表达的功能性神经解剖学技术。这项技术已经成功地被用来确定大脑的特定区域是否在行为或任务中发挥重要作用。在这里，IEG技术将被用来测试在对音叫声过程中，感觉和运动是否由额叶皮质的不同区域调节。具体目的2是记录额叶皮质中单个神经元在逆声叫声时的电生理活动。这些记录的位置将根据特定目标1的结果来确定。目标是在这种行为过程中从额叶皮质的感觉和运动区进行记录，以考察额叶皮质的神经元如何参与感觉处理和通信信号的产生。概述-尽管许多人都患有因皮质网络消融而导致的失语症，但目前还没有可以用来分析这一问题的动物模型。众所周知，额叶皮质在人类语言的感觉和运动成分中都扮演着重要的功能角色，因此，任何针对灵长类大脑这一区域的模型系统都将取得重大进展。在这里，我们建议使用一种自然的(即，未经训练的)灵长类发声行为，即反鸣叫，来研究额叶皮质中调节声音通信信号的感觉处理和发声产生的神经机制。拟议的项目将使用功能神经解剖学技术和电生理记录来检查这种自然发声行为的感觉和运动成分。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of the proposed project is to develop antiphonal calling as a model of the primate cortex for studies of the auditory system and human speech. Antiphonal calling is a natural (i.e., untrained) vocal behavior that involves an animal producing their species-specific long distance call in response to hearing the same call produced by an occluded conspecific. As this behavior involves perceiving an acoustic communication signal from a conspecific and generating a planned vocal response, it represents an analog to human speech and can be used to study mechanisms underlying this auditory-vocal interaction. In common marmosets, antiphonal calling involves bouts of reciprocal antiphonal calls that adhere to a species-specific temporal dynamic. Earlier work demonstrates that this behavior can be experimentally induced and manipulated in a captive setting and is readily amenable for neurobiological inquiry. Specific Aim 1 will employ a functional neuroanatomical technique known as behavior-driven immediate early gene (IEG) expression. This technique has been used successfully to determine whether particular areas of the brain play a significant role in a behavior or task. Here the IEG technique will be used to test whether the sensory and motor are mediated by different regions of the frontal cortex during antiphonal calling. Specific Aim 2 is to record electrophysiological activity of individual neurons in the frontal cortex during antiphonal calling. The locations of these recordings will be determined based on the results of Specific Aim 1. The goal is to record from both sensory and motor areas of frontal cortex during this behavior to examine how neurons in the frontal cortex contribute to sensory processing and production of communication signals. GENERAL SUMMARY - Despite the fact that numerous individuals are afflicted with aphasic deficits that result from ablations to cortical networks, there presently is no animal model that can be used to dissect the problem. Frontal cortex is known to play a significant functional role in both the sensory and motor components of human speech and, as such, any model system that targeted this area of the primate brain stands to make significant advances. Here we propose use a natural (i.e., untrained) primate vocal behavior known as antiphonal calling to examine the neural mechanisms in the frontal cortex that mediate both the sensory processing and vocal production of an acoustic communication signal. The proposed project will use a functional neuroanatomical technique and electrophysiological recordings to examine the sensory and motor components of this natural vocal behavior.