Dense Array EEG for Neonatal Sleep Monitoring

描述(申请人提供)：脑电(EEG)是一种安全、非侵入性的新生儿脑功能监测技术。对婴儿进行急性和长期的脑电监测，对于评估缺氧缺血性损伤的效果和检测癫痫活动的存在具有临床实用价值。如果及早发现几种新生儿脑部疾病，医疗干预可能会对这些疾病有效。例如，在婴儿猝死综合征(SID)中，睡眠调节的神经生理学障碍可能会对许多婴儿造成潜在的生命威胁，并可能适合治疗，但我们对正常新生儿睡眠神经生理学及其失调的了解有限。在没有空间混叠的情况下，通过使用足够数量的电极来准确地映射脑电的空间分布，可以大大增强新生儿脑电中的可用信息量。测地线脑电新生儿脑监测器将通过对婴儿头部头皮电位所需采样密度的实验研究和理论模拟来设计。将开发结合婴儿头骨解剖的独特特征的密集阵列EEG方法来估计婴儿大脑中的潜力。测地脑电新生儿脑监测器将被改装用于各种临床用途，最初专注于在新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)监测睡眠中的脑功能。第二阶段的工作将产生一条低成本的产品线，范围从带有生命体征监测器的简单4通道脑电到256通道密集阵列系统。这些产品将在监测新生儿的正常和病理大脑状态方面取得重大进展，提供有关早产儿和足月儿唤醒控制和睡眠成熟的信息，这可能对了解各种临床疾病很重要。

DESCRIPTION (PROVIDED BY APPLICANT): Electroencephalography (EEG) is a safe, noninvasive technique for monitoring neonatal brain function. Acute and long-term EEG monitoring of infants has clinical utility for evaluating the effects of hypoxic ischemic insults and detecting the presence of epileptic activity. Medical intervention may be effective for several neonatal brain pathologies if these are detected early. In Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), for example, disorders in the neurophysiology of sleep regulation may be potentially life-threatening for many infants, and may be amenable to treatment, but we have a limited understanding of both the normal neonatal sleep neurophysiology and its disregulation. The information available in neonatal EEG can be greatly enhanced by using an adequate number of electrodes to accurately map the spatial distribution of the EEG without spatial aliasing. The Geodesic EEG Neonatal Brain Monitor will be designed from experimental studies and theoretical simulations of the required sampling density for scalp potentials on the infant head. Dense Array EEG methods will be developed that incorporate the unique features of infant skull anatomy to estimate the potentials in the brain of the infant. The Geodesic EEG Neonatal Brain Monitor will be adapted for a variety of clinical uses, initially focusing on monitoring brain function in sleep in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). A low-cost product line would result from the Phase II work, ranging from simple 4- channel EEG with vital signs monitors to a 256-channel dense array system. These products will bring major advances to monitoring both normal and pathological brain states of the neonate, providing information on the maturation of arousal control and sleep in preterm and full term infants that may be important in understanding a variety of clinical disorders.