Stereoscopic Surface Perception

视觉系统面临的一个基本问题是提供关于3d环境的信息 从二维视网膜图像中。也许最精确的信息来源来自于这样一个事实，即tw（ 眼睛有不同的观察点。这意味着两个视网膜上的图像是不相同的。Th_ 匹配特征在视网膜上的位置之间的差异是双眼视差， 从这些差异感知深度是立体视觉。从落差差异推断3D布局的研究 分为两大类：1）从视网膜图像的视差估计和2）解释 估计的差距。具体目标1涉及差异估计，具体目标2和3涉及 差异解释 在与具体目标1相关的实验和建模中，我们将研究空间和 色度估计机制的性质。例如，我们将确定 最高立体分辨率，亮度梯度极限，以及立体灵敏度与亮度的差异， 与彩色刺激相反的是，使用双目匹配算法产生的彩色刺激提供了分段的正面视觉效果。 深度图的估计。在其中一些实验中，我们将改善眼睛的光学特性， 调查立体视觉的成本和收益。 在与特定目标2相关的实验和建模中，我们将研究视差和 纹理倾斜信号被组合成加权和（用于估计倾斜）和差（用于评估 纹理均匀性）。我们还将研究如何改变视差和纹理信号的可靠性 影响这两个过程。 在与具体目标3相关的实验中，我们将研究一个广泛经验丰富的感知 现象：适应由一只眼睛的图像的水平放大引起的3D失真。 我们将试图找出适应机制，并确定是否受试者可以适应两种状态 同步我们还将研究适应一只眼睛的图像垂直放大。

A fundamental problem faced by the visual system is providing information about the 3d environment from the 2d retinal images. Perhaps the most precise source of information arises from the fact that the tw( eyes have different vantage points. This means that images on the two retinae are not identical. Th_ differences between the locations of matching features on the retinae are binocular disparities and the abilit_ to perceive depth from these disparities is stereopsis. Investigations of inferring 3d layout from disparity fall into two general categories: 1) the estimation of disparity from the retinal images and 2) the interpretation of the estimated disparity. Specific Aim 1 concerns disparity estimation and Specific Aims 2 and 3 concern disparity interpretation. In the experiments and modeling associated with Specific Aim 1, we will examine the spatial and chromatic properties of disparity-estimating mechanisms. We will, for example, determine whether the highest stereoresolution, the disparity-gradient limit, and the difference in stereo sensitivity with luminance as opposed to chromatic stimuli result from using a binocular-matching algorithm that provides piecewise-frontal estimates of the depth map. In some of these experiments, we will improve the optics of the eye and investigate the costs and benefits to stereo vision. In the experiments and modeling associated with Specific Aim 2, we will investigate whether disparity and texture slants signals are combined in a weighted sum (for estimating slant) and a difference (for assessing texture homogeneity). We will also examine how changes the reliability of disparity and texture signals affects these two processes. In the experiments associated with Specific Aim 3, we will study a widely experienced perceptual phenomenon: adaptation to the 3d distortions that result from horizontal magnification of one eye's image. We will try to pinpoint the adaptation mechanism and to determine whether subjects can adapt to two states simultaneously. We will also examine adaptation to a vertical magnification of one eye's image.