Behavioral Allocation and Choice Processes in MR

MR 中的行为分配和选择过程

• 批准号: 7065278
• 负责人: WILLIAM V DUBE
• 金额: $ 78.25万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-12 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7065278
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; choice; clinical research; decision making; mental retardation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): These P01 projects are unified by a shared focus on behavioral processes involved in the allocation of behavior - choice-making - among individuals with intellectual disabilities. They are also bound by a common effort to translate extensive basic laboratory research findings into effective, individualized motivational support to individuals with intellectual disabilities. Through application of quantitative approaches to behavioral allocation, our goal is to advance understanding of the variables that underlie the types of choices made by persons with intellectual disabilities. A longterm goal is to develop a technology for teaching choice-making that benefits the individual, the family, and the larger social context. Toward this end, each project will include both basic research on advanced quantitative methods to problems relevant to mental retardation and applied research to validate the resulting techniques in ecologically valid teaching settings. These themes are explored in four projects and supported by three cores. Project 1 emphasizes basic choice processes in behavioral allocation and persistence in persons with severe intellectual disabilities. Project 2 adopts a behavioral economics approach to the management of motivational variables for persons with intellectual disabilities. Project 3 utilizes signal detection theory in the quantitative analyses of motivational variables. Project 4 applies quantitative analyses of behavioral choice to situations that involve social reinforcers (those mediated by another person) and social contexts (those marked by cues for of social reinforcers). The projects are further unified by three research cores that provide essential, cost-effective services. TheTechnical Support core centralizes and renders more efficient the common technical support needs of the program (e.g., computer programming, database construction and management, statistical analysis, apparatus maintenance). Throughout these projects, the Participant Services core assists in subject recruitment, diagnostic and psychometric evaluation, scheduling, and continuity of participation.

描述（由申请人提供）： 这些 P01 项目的共同点是对智障人士行为分配（选择）的行为过程的关注。他们还共同努力将广泛的基础实验室研究成果转化为对智障人士的有效、个性化的激励支持。通过将定量方法应用于行为分配，我们的目标是增进对智障人士做出选择类型背后的变量的理解。长期目标是开发一种用于教授决策的技术，使个人、家庭和更大的社会环境受益。为此，每个项目都将包括针对智力低下相关问题的先进定量方法的基础研究，以及在生态有效的教学环境中验证所得技术的应用研究。 这些主题在四个项目中进行探讨，并得到三个核心的支持。项目1强调严重智力障碍者行为分配和坚持的基本选择过程。项目2采用行为经济学方法来管理智障人士的动机变量。项目3利用信号检测理论对动机变量进行定量分析。项目 4 将行为选择的定量分析应用于涉及社会强化物（由他人介导的情境）和社会情境（以社会强化物线索为标志的情境）。这些项目由三个研究核心进一步统一，提供必要的、具有成本效益的服务。技术支持核心集中并提高了程序的常见技术支持需求（例如计算机编程、数据库构建和管理、统计分析、设备维护）。在这些项目中，参与者服务核心协助受试者招募、诊断和心理测量评估、日程安排和参与的连续性。