Beyond The State: State Resistance & The Culture of Autonomy in Barbacha, Algeria

今天的人能没有国家吗？“超越国家”是一个关于阿尔及利亚巴尔巴查自治区文化的人类学项目，从人种学角度探索公民身份、非国家空间和解放社会运动。巴尔巴查公社的目标是通过恢复传统的民主做法，从国家中实现自治。巴巴奇人是阿马齐格人，是马格里布马利基逊尼派的土著社区。自独立以来，阿拉伯化政策，国家暴力和不稳定性促使阿马齐格人与阿拉伯人对抗的殖民话语重新出现，导致反复的“柏柏尔泉”（1980年，1988年，1991年，2001年，2012年，2019年），阿马齐格人升级了他们对自治的要求。2001年，阿尔及利亚阿马齐格人诉诸thajma'th（前殖民地民主村议会）来取代国家机构，然而，研究认为，阿马齐格政治组织的传统形式已被政党所取代（Maddy-Weitzman，2022年）。与这一全国性趋势相反，2001年，巴尔巴查以乡村法庭取代了州法院。在2012年的选举中，巴巴奇人声称选举是欺诈性的，他们重新建立了thajma'th，以对抗最终被取代的国家机构（Tarlacrea，2014）。巴巴奇人认同阿马齐格人和阿拉伯人，虽然他们的目标是解散国家权力，但他们认为自己是阿尔及利亚公民，参与土著和国家政治。巴尔巴查的作品中充满了政治、后殖民和本土话语，提供了一个矛盾的案例研究。Barbachians居住在看似矛盾的模式，从自主过程中产生的，并阐明这些是该项目的主要目标。在巴尔巴查，归属感意味着什么？巴巴奇人是如何认同阿马齐格人和阿拉伯人的？他们如何看待自己的民族和非国家主体？他们如何协商参与国家和反国家政治？该项目将对巴尔巴查进行第一次民族志研究，以研究传统的民主实践和自治目标如何影响巴尔巴查的社会生活，以及这对我们的身份、公民身份和自治有什么启示。

Can people today live without the state? 'Beyond The State' is an anthropological project about the culture of the autonomous commune of Barbacha in Algeria, ethnographically exploring citizenship, non-state spaces and emancipatory social movements. The commune of Barbacha aims to become autonomous from the state via the revival of traditional democratic practices. Barbachians are Amazigh, an indigenous Maghrebian Maliki Sunni community. Since independence, Arabisation policies, state violence and precarity have prompted the reemergence of colonial discourses pitting the Amazigh against Arabs, resulting in repeated 'Berber Springs' (1980, 1988, 1991, 2001, 2012, 2019) where the Amazigh escalated their demands for autonomy. In 2001, Algerian Amazigh resorted to the thajma'th - pre-colonial democratic village assemblies - to replace state institutions, nevertheless, research posits that traditional forms of Amazigh political organisation have been superseded by political parties (Maddy-Weitzman, 2022). In contrast to this national trend, in 2001, Barbacha replaced state courts with village tribunals. Following what Barbachians claimed were fraudulent elections in 2012, they reinstituted the thajma'th to contend with an eventually supplant state institutions (Tarlacrea, 2014). Barbachians identify as Amazigh and Arab, and although they aim to dissolve state power, consider themselves Algerian citizens, participating in both indigenous and state politics. Rich with political, postcolonial and indigenous discourses, Barbacha offers a paradoxical case study. Barbachians inhabit seemingly contradictory modalities resulting from the autonomic process, and articulating these is the main aim of the project. What does belonging mean in Barbacha? How do Barbachians identify as Amazigh and Arab? How do they consider themselves national and non-state subjects? How do they negotiate participation in state and anti-state politics? This project will conduct the first ethnography of Barbacha to research how traditional democratic practices and autonomic goals have resulted in Barbacha's social life, and what this can teach us about identity, citizenship and autonomy.