The Effectiveness of Vaccines in Clinical Practice

疫苗在临床实践中的有效性

• 批准号: 7261426
• 负责人: EUGENE David SHAPIRO
• 金额: $ 14.93万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7261426
• 关键词: Affect; Antibiotics; Area; Award; Case-Control Studies; Chickenpox Vaccine; Child; Clinical; Coronavirus; Effectiveness; Faculty; Funding; Goals; Health Policy; Hospitalization; Human Metapneumovirus; Infection; Lyme Disease; Mentors; Methods; Numbers; Otitis Media; Outcome; Paper; Patients; Physicians; Population; Public Health; Publishing; Randomized Clinical Trials; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk Factors; Severity of illness; Time; Vaccines; Work; base; clinical epidemiology; influenza virus vaccine; member; patient oriented research; prevent; research study; respiratory virus; vaccine effectiveness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals of Dr. Eugene Shapiro are: 1) to conduct high quality patient-oriented research to answer important clinical questions and 2) to mentor young physicians who conduct patient-oriented research to help them become successful independent investigators. During the period of the currently-funded K-24 award, Dr. Shapiro has published papers that have had an impact on public health policy and he has mentored a substantial number of trainees and junior members of the faculty who are conducting patient-oriented research projects. Dr. Shapiro's research has focused on the effectiveness of vaccines as they are used in clinical practice and on the clinical epidemiology and outcomes of patients with Lyme disease. He has also been a leader in developing methods to minimize and to assess possible effects of bias in these non- experimental studies. He is conducting an on-going, population-based case-control study of the effectiveness of varicella vaccine over time, a critical public health issue. Dr. Shapiro plans to conduct additional case-control studies of vaccines during the period of this proposal, including an assessment of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization in young children. He also plans to expand into new areas that include infections with emerging respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus and a recently identified coronavirus. In addition to defining the clinical epidemiology of these infections, he plans to work with collaborators to assess both clinical and virologic risk factors that may affect the severity of these illnesses. In addition, he will work on a randomized clinical trial of a "wait-and-see" approach to treating otitis media as a strategy to decrease unnecessary use of antibiotics. Dr. Shapiro will serve as a primary mentor for 1-2 new fellows (or young faculty members) each year, in addition to contributing to mentoring many other trainees. If this proposal is funded, it will allow Dr. Shapiro to continue to spend at least 70% of his time serving as a mentor to young investigators and conducting patient-oriented research.

简介(申请人提供)：Eugene Shapiro博士的目标是：1)进行高质量的以患者为中心的研究，以回答重要的临床问题；2)指导进行以患者为中心的研究的年轻医生，帮助他们成为成功的独立调查人员。在目前获得资助的K-24奖项期间，夏皮罗博士发表了对公共卫生政策产生影响的论文，并指导了大量正在进行以患者为导向的研究项目的实习生和初级教员。夏皮罗博士的研究重点是疫苗在临床实践中的有效性，以及莱姆病患者的临床流行病学和预后。他也一直是开发方法的领导者，以最小化和评估这些非实验研究中的偏差可能产生的影响。他正在进行一项正在进行的、以人群为基础的病例对照研究，研究水痘疫苗随时间的有效性，这是一个关键的公共卫生问题。夏皮罗博士计划在本提案期间对疫苗进行更多的病例对照研究，包括评估流感疫苗在预防幼儿住院方面的有效性。他还计划扩展到新的领域，包括感染新出现的呼吸道病毒，包括人类偏肺病毒和最近发现的一种冠状病毒。除了定义这些感染的临床流行病学外，他还计划与合作者合作，评估可能影响这些疾病严重程度的临床和病毒学风险因素。此外，他还将进行一项随机临床试验，以“观望”的方式治疗中耳炎，以此作为减少不必要抗生素使用的策略。夏皮罗博士每年将担任1-2名新研究员(或年轻教职员工)的主要导师，此外还将为许多其他受训人员提供指导。如果这项提议得到资助，它将使夏皮罗博士能够继续将至少70%的时间用于指导年轻研究人员，并开展以患者为导向的研究。