The Effectiveness of Vaccines in Clinical Practice

疫苗在临床实践中的有效性

• 批准号: 7664426
• 负责人: EUGENE David SHAPIRO
• 金额: $ 15.51万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7664426
• 关键词: Affect; Antibiotics; Area; Award; Case-Control Studies; Chickenpox Vaccine; Child; Clinical; Coronavirus; Effectiveness; Faculty; Funding; Goals; Health Policy; Hospitalization; Human Metapneumovirus; Individual; Infection; Lyme Disease; Mentors; Methods; Otitis Media; Outcome; Paper; Patients; Physicians; Progress Reports; Public Health; Publishing; Randomized Clinical Trials; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Risk Factors; Severity of illness; Time; Vaccines; Work; clinical epidemiology; clinical practice; influenza virus vaccine; member; patient oriented research; population based; prevent; research study; respiratory virus; vaccine effectiveness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goals of Dr. Eugene Shapiro are: 1) to conduct high quality patient-oriented research to answer important clinical questions and 2) to mentor young physicians who conduct patient-oriented research to help them become successful independent investigators. During the period of the currently-funded K-24 award, Dr. Shapiro has published papers that have had an impact on public health policy and he has mentored a substantial number of trainees and junior members of the faculty who are conducting patient-oriented research projects. Dr. Shapiro's research has focused on the effectiveness of vaccines as they are used in clinical practice and on the clinical epidemiology and outcomes of patients with Lyme disease. He has also been a leader in developing methods to minimize and to assess possible effects of bias in these non- experimental studies. He is conducting an on-going, population-based case-control study of the effectiveness of varicella vaccine over time, a critical public health issue. Dr. Shapiro plans to conduct additional case-control studies of vaccines during the period of this proposal, including an assessment of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization in young children. He also plans to expand into new areas that include infections with emerging respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus and a recently identified coronavirus. In addition to defining the clinical epidemiology of these infections, he plans to work with collaborators to assess both clinical and virologic risk factors that may affect the severity of these illnesses. In addition, he will work on a randomized clinical trial of a "wait-and-see" approach to treating otitis media as a strategy to decrease unnecessary use of antibiotics. Dr. Shapiro will serve as a primary mentor for 1-2 new fellows (or young faculty members) each year, in addition to contributing to mentoring many other trainees. If this proposal is funded, it will allow Dr. Shapiro to continue to spend at least 70% of his time serving as a mentor to young investigators and conducting patient-oriented research.

描述（由申请人提供）：尤金夏皮罗博士的目标是：1）进行高质量的以患者为导向的研究，以回答重要的临床问题和2）指导年轻医生谁进行以患者为导向的研究，以帮助他们成为成功的独立研究者。在目前资助的K-24奖期间，夏皮罗博士发表了对公共卫生政策产生影响的论文，他指导了大量正在进行以患者为导向的研究项目的学员和教师的初级成员。夏皮罗博士的研究重点是疫苗在临床实践中的有效性，以及莱姆病患者的临床流行病学和结果。他也一直是开发方法的领导者，以最大限度地减少和评估这些非实验性研究中偏倚的可能影响。他正在进行一项关于水痘疫苗随时间推移的有效性的基于人群的病例对照研究，这是一个关键的公共卫生问题。夏皮罗博士计划在本提案期间进行额外的疫苗病例对照研究，包括评估流感疫苗在预防幼儿住院方面的有效性。他还计划扩展到新的领域，包括感染新出现的呼吸道病毒，包括人类偏肺病毒和最近发现的冠状病毒。除了定义这些感染的临床流行病学外，他还计划与合作者一起评估可能影响这些疾病严重程度的临床和病毒学风险因素。此外，他还将开展一项随机临床试验，以“观望”的方式治疗中耳炎，作为减少不必要的抗生素使用的策略。夏皮罗将担任1-2新研究员（或年轻的教师）每年的主要导师，除了有助于指导许多其他学员。如果这项提案得到资助，它将使夏皮罗博士继续花费至少70%的时间作为年轻研究人员的导师，并进行以患者为导向的研究。