Chip-based Quantum Networking

基于芯片的量子网络

• 批准号: 2910543
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2910543
• 关键词: Chip; based; Quantum; Networking

This project falls within the EPSRC quantum technologies research area. This project involves designing, simulating and testing an integrated photonics based entangled photon pair source for an entanglement distribution network. The aim is to generate photons in a Bell state that are suitable to be used in an entanglement swapping process. The source is also to compatible with existing fibre-optic infrastructure so that it can be deployed in a many-user/large-scale network similar to that of the existing classical internet. The hope of creating such a large-scale quantum networks is to create secure channels of communications that are resilient to eavesdroppers and those who wish to use information for malicious purposes. Current data encryption methods used in the Internet are not safe from the threats of quantum computers. Quantum computers have the potential, by using quantum properties such as entanglement, to compute certain types of problems exponentially faster than a classical computer. One such problem is the factoring of large prime numbers, which currently takes an unfeasible amount of time for a classical computer so such large prime numbers are used to encrypt transmission keys. By also using quantum properties, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a means of transmitting encryption keys that are secure from even the threat of quantum computers. The most imminent use of large-scale quantum networks is to implement QKD across many concurrent users. As of now the difficulties of large-scale quantum networks are high losses and instability that are hindering the ability to build such networks. A chip-scale photon-pair source will help alleviate some of the stability issues by providing photons with a longer coherence time. This improves the chances of an entanglement swapping process that is used in entanglement distribution networks compared to using a bulk optics source that is traditionally used. The process of creating such a source will first require knowledge of theory of integrated silicon photonics, quantum theory, quantum information theory and QKD protocols. It will require knowledge on specific photonic components used in the chip, specifically how to model and simulate the components in order to specify performance characteristics. There will be extensive lab work in order to test and characterise individual components and thereafter the full chip after it has been fabricated. The lab work will require safe and competent use of fibre optics, lasers and single photon detectors.

该项目属于EPSRC量子技术研究领域的福尔斯。本计画包括设计、模拟与测试一个整合式光子学的纠缠光子对源，以应用于一个纠缠分配网路。其目的是产生适合用于纠缠交换过程的贝尔态光子。该源还与现有的光纤基础设施兼容，以便它可以部署在类似于现有经典互联网的多用户/大规模网络中。创建这样一个大规模量子网络的希望是创建安全的通信通道，这些通道对窃听者和那些希望将信息用于恶意目的的人具有弹性。目前互联网中使用的数据加密方法并不安全，无法抵御量子计算机的威胁。量子计算机有潜力，通过使用量子特性，如纠缠，计算某些类型的问题比经典计算机快指数。一个这样的问题是大素数的分解，这对于经典计算机来说目前花费不可行的时间量，因此这样的大素数被用于加密传输密钥。通过使用量子特性，量子密钥分发（QKD）提供了一种传输加密密钥的方法，甚至可以免受量子计算机的威胁。大规模量子网络最直接的用途是在许多并发用户之间实现QKD。到目前为止，大规模量子网络的困难在于高损耗和不稳定性，这阻碍了构建这种网络的能力。芯片级光子对源将通过提供具有更长相干时间的光子来帮助缓解一些稳定性问题。与使用传统上使用的体光学源相比，这提高了在纠缠分发网络中使用的纠缠交换过程的机会。创建这样一个源的过程首先需要集成硅光子学理论，量子理论，量子信息理论和QKD协议的知识。它需要了解芯片中使用的特定光子组件，特别是如何建模和模拟组件以指定性能特性。将有广泛的实验室工作，以测试和验证个别组件，然后在整个芯片后，它已经制造。实验室工作将需要安全和称职地使用光纤、激光和单光子探测器。