Face Impressions: Neuroscience & VR Training and Research

面部印象：神经科学

• 批准号: 7116815
• 负责人: LESLIE A. ZEBROWITZ
• 金额: $ 12.51万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7116815
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; clinical research; computer human interaction; computer simulation; face expression; human subject; magnetic resonance imaging; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; perception; social model; social psychology; training

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Facial appearance strongly influences first impressions, which show remarkable consensus and yield significant social consequences. The long-range objective is to explain consensual impressions among normal individuals and their absence in individuals with disorders such as autism. It is hypothesized that qualities that are accurately revealed by facial features that mark babies, unfitness, or identity are overgeneralized to people whose facial structure resembles that of babies, a particular level of fitness, or a particular identity. Four specific research aims are: 1)connectionist modeling tests the facial identity overgeneralization hypothesis (FIOH) that the tendency for responses to strangers to vary with their facial resemblance to known individuals contributes to social categorization effects; 2)functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) investigates brain activation patterns in response to faces that are predicted from each of the overgeneralization hypotheses; 3)generalized mere exposure paradigms investigate whether familiarization with the facial prototype of a category changes impressions of new category members, as predicted by the FIOH; 4)virtual reality methods test face overgeneralization hypotheses through behavioral responses to faces in various social contexts. Four training aims are: 1) increased knowledge of the conceptual foundations of computer modeling of neural systems and the computer software used to implement neural network simulations; 2) increased knowledge of brain structure and function and fMRI techniques; 3) learning to use virtual environments to assess the perceived behavioral affordances of different facial qualities; 4) integrating various methods to provide more sophisticated tests of the face overgeneralization hypotheses. The research and training benefit from excellent laboratory facilities, state of the art equipment, and interactions with outstanding scientists at Brandeis University and the MGH-NMR Center. Integrating social psychology, computer science, and neuroscience promises to advance the understanding of social perception. The focus on facial information offers a novel theoretical perspective, demonstrating that intrinsic properties of faces contribute to social biases that have been largely viewed as social constructions. It also provides a foundation for research that may elucidate neural bases of social deficits, as in autism, and develop intervention techniques to modify reactions to faces.

描述（由申请人提供）：面部外观强烈影响第一印象，这显示出显着的共识，并产生显着的社会后果。长期目标是解释正常人之间的共识印象，以及自闭症等疾病患者的缺失。据推测，那些通过面部特征准确揭示的标志着婴儿、不健康或身份的品质被过度概括为面部结构类似于婴儿、特定健康水平或特定身份的人。具体研究目的有四个：1）联结主义模型验证面孔身份过度概括假说（FIOH），即对陌生人的反应倾向于随着他们与已知个体的面孔相似性而变化，这有助于社会分类效应; 2）功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究大脑对面孔反应的激活模式，这些面孔是由每一个过度概括假说预测的; 3）广义单纯暴露范式研究是否熟悉一个类别的面部原型会改变新类别成员的印象，正如FIOH所预测的那样; 4）虚拟现实方法通过在各种社会背景下对面部的行为反应来测试面部过度泛化假设。四个培训目标是：1）增加了神经系统计算机建模的概念基础和用于实现神经网络模拟的计算机软件的知识; 2）增加了大脑结构和功能以及fMRI技术的知识; 3）学习使用虚拟环境来评估不同面部品质的感知行为启示; 4）整合各种方法，提供更复杂的面孔过度泛化假设的测试。研究和培训受益于优秀的实验室设施，最先进的设备，以及与布兰迪斯大学和MGH-NMR中心的杰出科学家的互动。整合社会心理学，计算机科学和神经科学有望促进对社会感知的理解。对面部信息的关注提供了一个新的理论视角，表明面部的内在属性有助于社会偏见，这些偏见在很大程度上被视为社会结构。它还为研究提供了基础，可以阐明社交缺陷的神经基础，如自闭症，并开发干预技术来改变对面孔的反应。