Is There a Common Neural Mechanism for Self-Control?

是否存在共同的自我控制神经机制？

• 批准号: 7408475
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 2.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-24 至 2009-09-23
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7408475
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Anger; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Child; Clinical; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Disease; Emotional; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Impairment; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Laboratories; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Mood Disorders; Motor; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Questionnaires; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Right-On; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Running; Savings; Self-control as a personality trait; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Thinking; Tic disorder; Walking; base; cognitive system; discounting; emotion regulation; improved; neural circuit; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; response; theories; trait; treatment planning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): OBJECTIVE: A loss of self-control is a defining feature of substance abuse. However, there are many different types of self-control. For example, slamming on the brakes when a child runs in front of one's car, walking away from a successful poker game so as not to risk losing one's winnings, putting a paycheck into savings instead of spending it immediately, or suppressing anger so as to seem composed in a professional situation all require self-control in vastly different ways. Evidence suggests individuals with substance abuse may be deficient in each of these forms of self-control. In the laboratory, they have been shown to be deficient in motor inhibition tasks, behavioral choice tasks such as risk-taking and delaying gratification, and emotion regulation tasks that require inhibition of the "hot" emotional system to allow the "cool" cognitive system to make decisions. It is therefore possible that deficient self-control is a risk factor for developing substance abuse. Previous research has assumed all forms of self-control rely on a single neural mechanism involving the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), yet this theory has not been directly tested. Thus, this proposal aims to reveal whether there is a single self-control system by directly relating both behavioral performance and neural activity in multiple tasks requiring different forms of self-control. METHOD: Both a behavioral and an fMRI study will be conducted in healthy adults relating performance on tasks in the four self-control domains mentioned above. Self-control ability on each task will be related to one another and to responses on self-report questionnaires probing impulsivity and risky behavior in both studies. The fMRI study will further explore whether there is overlap in the regions recruited during acts requiring self-control, specifically focusing on the rVLPFC, and whether behavioral performance relates to degree of rVLPFC involvement. It is hypothesized that a unitary self-control system will be noted, as indicated by related behavioral performance on all tasks and common rVLPFC involvement that increases relative to improved performance. RELEVANCE: This research will lead to an increased understanding of the nuances of successful self-control. This is crucial considering that a greater understanding of an intact self-control mechanism may lead to new treatments that efficiently target the self-control system and help individuals with disorders such as substance abuse and dependence that result from deficient self-control.

描述(由申请人提供)：目的：丧失自控力是药物滥用的一个定义特征。然而，有许多不同类型的自我控制。例如，当一个孩子跑到车前时踩刹车，为了不冒输掉赢钱的风险而离开一场成功的扑克游戏，把工资存到储蓄中而不是立即花掉，或者压抑愤怒让自己在职业场合看起来很镇静，这些都需要以截然不同的方式进行自我控制。有证据表明，滥用药物的人可能在这些形式的自我控制方面都存在缺陷。在实验室中，他们被证明缺乏运动抑制任务，行为选择任务，如冒险和延迟满足，以及情绪调节任务，这些任务需要抑制“热”的情绪系统，以允许“冷”的认知系统做出决定。因此，缺乏自控力可能是导致药物滥用的一个危险因素。以前的研究假设所有形式的自我控制都依赖于涉及右侧腹外侧前额叶皮质(RVLPFC)的单一神经机制，但这一理论尚未得到直接检验。因此，这项建议旨在通过在需要不同形式的自我控制的多个任务中将行为表现和神经活动直接联系起来，来揭示是否存在单一的自我控制系统。方法：对健康成人在上述四个自我控制领域中的任务表现进行行为学和fMRI研究。在两项研究中，每项任务的自我控制能力将相互关联，并与调查冲动和冒险行为的自我报告问卷的反应有关。FMRI研究将进一步探索在需要自我控制的行为中招募的区域是否存在重叠，特别是关注rVLPFC，以及行为表现是否与rVLPFC的参与程度有关。假设将注意到一个单一的自我控制系统，如所有任务上的相关行为绩效和共同的rVLPFC参与，相对于绩效的提高而增加。相关性：这项研究将使我们更好地理解成功的自我控制的细微差别。考虑到对完整的自我控制机制的更多了解可能会导致有效针对自我控制系统的新治疗方法，并帮助患有药物滥用和依赖等因自我控制不足而导致的疾病的个人，这一点至关重要。