Is There a Common Neural Mechanism for Self-Control?

是否存在共同的自我控制神经机制？

• 批准号: 7502705
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 2.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-24 至 2009-09-23
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7502705
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Anger; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Child; Clinical; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Disease; Emotional; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Impairment; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Laboratories; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Mood Disorders; Motor; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Questionnaires; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Right-On; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Running; Savings; Self-control as a personality trait; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Thinking; Tic disorder; Walking; base; cognitive system; discounting; emotion regulation; improved; neural circuit; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; response; theories; trait; treatment planning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): OBJECTIVE: A loss of self-control is a defining feature of substance abuse. However, there are many different types of self-control. For example, slamming on the brakes when a child runs in front of one's car, walking away from a successful poker game so as not to risk losing one's winnings, putting a paycheck into savings instead of spending it immediately, or suppressing anger so as to seem composed in a professional situation all require self-control in vastly different ways. Evidence suggests individuals with substance abuse may be deficient in each of these forms of self-control. In the laboratory, they have been shown to be deficient in motor inhibition tasks, behavioral choice tasks such as risk-taking and delaying gratification, and emotion regulation tasks that require inhibition of the "hot" emotional system to allow the "cool" cognitive system to make decisions. It is therefore possible that deficient self-control is a risk factor for developing substance abuse. Previous research has assumed all forms of self-control rely on a single neural mechanism involving the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), yet this theory has not been directly tested. Thus, this proposal aims to reveal whether there is a single self-control system by directly relating both behavioral performance and neural activity in multiple tasks requiring different forms of self-control. METHOD: Both a behavioral and an fMRI study will be conducted in healthy adults relating performance on tasks in the four self-control domains mentioned above. Self-control ability on each task will be related to one another and to responses on self-report questionnaires probing impulsivity and risky behavior in both studies. The fMRI study will further explore whether there is overlap in the regions recruited during acts requiring self-control, specifically focusing on the rVLPFC, and whether behavioral performance relates to degree of rVLPFC involvement. It is hypothesized that a unitary self-control system will be noted, as indicated by related behavioral performance on all tasks and common rVLPFC involvement that increases relative to improved performance. RELEVANCE: This research will lead to an increased understanding of the nuances of successful self-control. This is crucial considering that a greater understanding of an intact self-control mechanism may lead to new treatments that efficiently target the self-control system and help individuals with disorders such as substance abuse and dependence that result from deficient self-control.

描述（由申请人提供）：目的：失去自我控制是药物滥用的一个典型特征。然而，有许多不同类型的自我控制。例如，当孩子跑到车前时猛踩刹车，从一场成功的扑克游戏中走开以免输掉赢来的钱，把薪水存起来而不是马上花掉，或者在专业场合压抑愤怒以显得沉着，这些都需要以截然不同的方式进行自我控制。有证据表明，滥用药物的人可能在这些形式的自我控制方面都有缺陷。在实验室中，他们被证明在运动抑制任务、行为选择任务（如冒险和延迟满足）以及情绪调节任务（需要抑制“热”情绪系统以允许“冷”认知系统做出决定）方面存在缺陷。因此，缺乏自我控制可能是导致药物滥用的一个危险因素。先前的研究假设所有形式的自我控制都依赖于一个单一的神经机制，包括右腹外侧前额叶皮层（rVLPFC），但这一理论尚未得到直接测试。因此，本研究旨在揭示是否存在一个单一的自我控制系统，通过直接联系需要不同形式自我控制的多重任务中的行为表现和神经活动。方法：将对健康成人进行行为学和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，这些研究与上述四个自我控制领域的任务表现有关。每项任务的自我控制能力将相互关联，并与两项研究中探究冲动和冒险行为的自我报告问卷的反应相关。fMRI研究将进一步探索在需要自我控制的行为中所招募的区域是否存在重叠，特别是关注rVLPFC，以及行为表现是否与rVLPFC的参与程度有关。假设将注意到一个统一的自我控制系统，正如所有任务的相关行为表现和共同的rVLPFC参与相对于绩效的提高而增加所表明的那样。相关性：这项研究将有助于加深对成功自我控制的细微差别的理解。这是至关重要的，因为对完整的自我控制机制的更深入了解可能会导致新的治疗方法，有效地针对自我控制系统，并帮助那些因缺乏自我控制而导致药物滥用和依赖等疾病的个体。