Longitudinal Investigation of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Risk Behavior in ADHD throughout the Adolescent Transition: The Key Role of Cognitive Control and Motivation Network Development

整个青少年过渡期 ADHD 风险行为的神经生物学基础的纵向调查：认知控制和动机网络发展的关键作用

• 批准号: 10189700
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 52.56万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10189700
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Affect; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attitude; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain region; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Data; Decision Making; Development; Diagnosis; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Early identification; Education; Equation; Etiology; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Grant; Health Care Costs; Healthcare; Hyperactivity; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Influentials; Investigation; Justice; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Modeling; Motivation; Neural Pathways; Neurobiology; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Performance; Predictive Value; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Savings; Seminal; Severities; Societies; Strategic Planning; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; Youth; addiction; adverse outcome; analytical method; analytical tool; base; behavioral impairment; biomarker development; cognitive control; cognitive system; cost; criminal behavior; developmental disease; early detection biomarkers; graph theory; inattention; innovation; longitudinal design; multimodality; neural model; novel; preadolescence; predict clinical outcome; programs; relating to nervous system; substance use; symptomatology; targeted treatment

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed developmental disorder of childhood, affecting ~9% of children nationwide. Although ADHD dramatically increases the risk for poor academic achievement, substance abuse, and criminal behavior, particularly in adolescence, too little is known regarding how neurobiological developmental trajectories underlie these behavioral and clinical outcomes. This remains the case in spite of the importance of such work for earlier identification of risk factors, more targeted treatment models, and, in turn, education, juvenile justice, and healthcare savings for individuals, families, and society. The goal of the current project, therefore, is to characterize longitudinal neural, behavioral, and clinical trajectories of youth with ADHD from late childhood to mid-adolescence. Brain systems underlying cognitive control and motivation in particular have been identified as centrally important both to the neural etiology of ADHD and to the general increase in risk-taking behavior and poor decision-making observed in typically developing (TD) adolescents. An important aspect of these models is how brain regions underlying these processes form coherent networks, as well as how these networks interact and influence each other to produce behavior. Here we bring together these two disparate literatures to gain understanding of the transition to adolescence in youth with ADHD. Thus, this proposal focuses on the maturational course of the cognitive control and motivation systems, individually and in interaction, in youth with and without ADHD in a multi-session longitudinal design. The aims of this proposal include: 1) Characterize behavioral trajectories of cognitive control, motivation, and their interaction in ADHD and TD youth from childhood into adolescence; 2) Characterize the development of structural and functional brain network organization during the same time period, focusing on brain networks underlying cognitive control and motivation; and 3) Identify neural, behavioral, and clinical features of pre-adolescent ADHD that predict clinical outcomes and risk-taking behavior during adolescence. To address these aims, innovative network analytic tools based on graph theory and structural equation modeling will be applied to structural and functional connectivity estimates of MRI data during diffusion-weighted imaging (structural) and during rest, cognitive control, motivation, and risk-taking tasks (functional). These techniques are uniquely able to simultaneously characterize the strength and coherence of within-network structural/functional connectivity and across-network interactions, as well as to identify important brain network features that differentiate across groups. Additionally, behavioral performance on the cognitive control, motivation and risk- taking tasks, ADHD symptomatology, and risk-taking attitudes and behavior will be assessed. This program of research is directly in line with the NIH Strategic Plan and builds on the RDoC framework. Together, these findings will provide the groundwork that can lead to early identification and, ultimately, prevention of ADHD trajectories that are more likely to lead to adverse outcomes in adolescence.

项目摘要/摘要 注意缺陷/多动症（ADHD）是最常见的发育障碍 童年，影响全国9％的儿童。尽管多动症急剧增加了差的风险 学术成就，滥用药物和犯罪行为，尤其是在青春期，太少了 关于这些行为和临床结果的神经生物学发育轨迹如何。这 尽管此类工作对于早期识别风险因素的重要性，但仍有这样的情况 治疗模式，反过来，为个人，家庭和 社会。因此，当前项目的目的是表征纵向神经，行为和临床 从童年晚期到青春期中期的ADHD青年轨迹。脑系统的认知能力 尤其是控制和动机已被确定为对神经病因的集中重要性 多动症以及冒险行为的总体增加和通常观察到的决策不良 发展（TD）青少年。这些模型的一个重要方面是如何将这些区域的大脑区域为基础 流程构成连贯的网络，以及这些网络如何相互作用和影响彼此以生成 行为。在这里，我们汇集了这两个不同的文献，以了解过渡到 ADHD青年青春期。因此，该提议着重于认知控制的成熟过程 和动机系统，单独和相互作用，在具有多动症的年轻人中，在多运动中 纵向设计。该提案的目的包括：1）表征认知控制的行为轨迹， 动机及其在童年到青春期的ADHD和TD青年中的互动； 2）表征 在同一时期的结构和功能性脑网络组织的发展，重点 认知控制和动机的脑网络； 3）确定神经，行为和临床 预测青春期临床结果和冒险行为的青春期前ADHD的特征。到 解决这些目标，基于图理论和结构方程建模的创新网络分析工具 扩散加权成像期间将应用于MRI数据的结构和功能连通性估计值 （结构）以及休息期间，认知控制，动机和冒险任务（功能）。这些技术是 独特能够同时表征网络内部结构/功能的强度和连贯性 连接性和跨网络相互作用，以及确定重要的大脑网络功能 跨群体区分。此外，在认知控制，动机和风险方面的行为表现 - 将评估执行任务，多动症症状和冒险态度和行为。这个程序的 研究直接与NIH战略计划一致，并建立在RDOC框架上。在一起，这些 调查结果将提供可能导致早期识别并最终预防多动症的基础 在青春期更有可能导致不良结果的轨迹。