Longitudinal Investigation of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Risk Behavior in ADHD throughout the Adolescent Transition: The Key Role of Cognitive Control and Motivation Network Development

整个青少年过渡期 ADHD 风险行为的神经生物学基础的纵向调查：认知控制和动机网络发展的关键作用

• 批准号: 10597855
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 9.69万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-28 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10597855
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Complex; Data; Data Collection; Data Reporting; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Early Diagnosis; Early identification; Education; Enrollment; Etiology; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Healthcare; Heterogeneity; Impairment; Imprisonment; Individual; Individual Differences; Infrastructure; Intervention; Investigation; Justice; Knowledge; Lead; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Modeling; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Occupational; Outcome; Paper; Parents; Parietal; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Prevention; Process; Property; Publishing; Research; Rest; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Savings; Severities; Societies; Subgroup; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Update; Work; Youth; addiction; adverse outcome; base; behavior test; biomarker development; cognitive control; cost; criminal behavior; developmental disease; early detection biomarkers; emotion regulation; executive function; experience; high risk; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; novel; parent grant; relating to nervous system; response; substance use; symptomatology; targeted treatment; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed developmental disorder of childhood, affecting ~9% of children nationwide. Although ADHD dramatically increases the risk for poor academic achievement, substance abuse and criminal behavior, particularly in adolescence, too little is known regarding how neurobiological developmental trajectories underlie these behavioral and clinical outcomes. This remains the case despite the importance of such work for earlier identification of risk factors, more targeted treatment models, and, in turn, education, juvenile justice, and healthcare savings for individuals, families, and society. The main goal of the parent grant, “Longitudinal investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of risk behavior in ADHD throughout the adolescent transition: the key role of cognitive control and motivation network development” (R01MH119091), is to examine longitudinal neural, behavioral, and clinical trajectories of youth with ADHD from late childhood to mid-adolescence. We focus on neurobehavioral processes related to cognitive control, or executive function (EF), and motivation, as they have been identified as centrally important both to the etiology of ADHD and to the general increase in risk-taking behavior observed in typically developing (TD) adolescents. Notably, there is marked heterogeneity in terms of EF difficulties experienced by youth with ADHD. Youth with ADHD who experience EF difficulties are at higher risk of poorer outcomes than those without EF difficulties, regardless of severity of ADHD symptoms. Moreover, different components of EF differentially relate to outcomes. Specifically, youth with ADHD with deficits in updating have poor emotion regulation, while youth with ADHD with deficits in shifting have low academic achievement. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize longitudinal trajectories of distinct components of EF to identify youth with ADHD who are more at risk for future negative outcomes. Thus, in this supplement we propose to more thoroughly assess EF and to longitudinally characterize trajectories of functional brain network organization and multiple distinct EF components throughout the transition to adolescence in youth with ADHD and TD youth. We additionally propose to identify how these trajectories relate to adolescent outcomes. We achieve this by proposing an additional behavioral testing session for participants already enrolled in the parent study in which we administer a battery of EF tasks and assess academic achievement-related outcomes. By combining this new data collection with brain imaging, self-report, and parent-report data collected through the parent grant, we will achieve the following aims: 1) Characterize behavioral trajectories of distinct components of EF in ADHD throughout the transition to adolescence; 2) Characterize the relationship between trajectories of functional brain network organization and EF in adolescents with ADHD; and 3) Determine how outcomes differ based on trajectories of functional brain network organization and EF performance. Together, these findings will provide the groundwork that can lead to early identification and, ultimately, prevention of ADHD trajectories that are more likely to lead to adverse outcomes in adolescence.

项目总结/摘要 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童最常见的发育障碍。 儿童，影响全国约9%的儿童。虽然ADHD大大增加了穷人的风险， 学术成就、药物滥用和犯罪行为，特别是在青少年时期， 关于神经生物学发展轨迹如何构成这些行为和临床结果的基础。这 尽管这类工作对于及早确定风险因素、更有针对性地 治疗模式，反过来，教育，青少年司法和个人，家庭和医疗保健储蓄， 社会父母补助金的主要目标是，“对神经生物学基础的纵向调查， ADHD在青少年过渡期的危险行为：认知控制和动机的关键作用 网络发展”（R 01 MH 119091），是检查纵向神经，行为和临床轨迹， 患有ADHD的青少年，从童年晚期到青春期中期。我们专注于神经行为过程相关的 认知控制，或执行功能（EF），和动机，因为它们已被确定为核心重要的 注意力缺陷多动障碍的病因和在典型的发展中观察到的冒险行为的普遍增加， (TD)青少年。值得注意的是，有明显的异质性，在EF困难的青年经历， 多动症。患有ADHD的年轻人经历EF困难的风险高于那些没有的人 EF困难，无论ADHD症状的严重程度如何。此外，EF的不同成分 与结果有关。具体来说，患有ADHD的青少年在更新方面有缺陷，情绪调节能力差， 注意力缺陷多动障碍的青少年在移动中有缺陷，学习成绩低。因此，至关重要的是， EF的不同组成部分的纵向轨迹，以确定ADHD的青少年谁是未来的风险更大 消极的结果。因此，在本补充文件中，我们建议更彻底地评估EF，并 表征整个过程中功能性脑网络组织和多个不同EF成分的轨迹 ADHD和TD青少年向青春期的过渡。此外，我们还建议确定这些 轨迹与青少年的结果有关。我们通过提出一个额外的行为测试会话来实现这一点 对于已经入组母研究的参与者，我们管理一系列EF任务并评估 学术成就相关的成果。通过将这种新的数据收集与大脑成像、自我报告相结合， 和家长报告的数据，通过家长补助金，我们将实现以下目标：1）特征 在整个过渡到青春期的ADHD中EF的不同成分的行为轨迹; 2） 表征青少年脑功能网络组织轨迹与EF的关系 3）根据功能性大脑网络组织的轨迹确定结果如何不同 EF性能。总之，这些发现将为早期识别提供基础 并最终预防更有可能导致青春期不良后果的ADHD轨迹。