The English glosses in eleventh-century Anglo-Saxon manuscripts

十一世纪盎格鲁撒克逊手稿中的英语注释

• 批准号: AH/E008089/1
• 负责人: Donald Scragg
• 金额: $ 21.19万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE008089%2F1
• 关键词: English; glosses; eleventh; century; Anglo

The English language in the eleventh century is very well recorded, with around 2000 texts surviving in a wide variety of manuscripts and documents. In fact, more examples of written English survive from this period than are found in any vernacular language from any single century before the later Middle Ages. The texts are for the most part written in a uniform language suggesting that writers were carefully trained in a standardised dialect. Almost all of them have been published in modern editions, and historians of the English language have generally assumed from the evidence that they contain that the standard written language underwent little or no development during the century when French speakers first formed a significant part of the linguistic community of the British Isles. But throughout the eleventh century, and into the beginning of the twelfth, readers of manuscripts added notes in the margins and between the lines, and these annotations have never been collected together and only a small proportion of them have ever been published. Most of the added material shows words or spellings in the original which their writers believed needed to be amended. This might be because a word was not capable of being understood, either because it had become archaic or was deemed unintelligible or dialectal in the area in which the manuscript was being read; or it might be because the writer knew that some words were changing in spelling during the century. A change in spelling might indicate that the pronunciation was changing, or it might be because of new developments in the spelling system introduced by French-speaking scribes. In all these cases, a collected edition of annotation and marginalia is highly desirable so that the nature of the changes might be examined and their causes investigated.The purpose of the present application is to publish a complete edition of the English glosses and marginalia in eleventh- and early twelfth-century manuscripts, initially in a web-based relational database which will allow the user to see all the annotations in their manuscript and textual context, and will also list all variations in spelling in both individual words and in any linguistic patterns which emerge. It is anticipated that a monograph arising from the data will show important developments in English during the period that have hitherto been hidden, and help elucidate a crucial stage in the history of the English language. First, there will certainly be instances of words which are currently recorded as entering the language only later than the eleventh century. Second, all changes in spelling indicated by the glosses, which may reflect developments in pronunciation, will be recorded for the first time in a comprehensive and detailed form. Third, a significant body of data from an early period of English which has to date not been published will be brought into the public domain.

英语在11世纪是非常好的记录，大约2000文本生存在各种各样的手稿和文件。事实上，这一时期留存下来的书面英语的例子比中世纪晚期之前任何一个世纪的任何一种方言都要多。这些文本大部分都是用统一的语言写成的，这表明作家们受过标准化方言的精心训练。几乎所有这些书都以现代版本出版，英语历史学家根据这些书中的证据普遍认为，在讲法语的人第一次成为不列颠群岛语言社区重要组成部分的世纪，标准书面语言几乎没有发展。但在整个11世纪，并进入12年初，手稿的读者增加了空白处和行之间的注释，这些注释从来没有被收集在一起，只有一小部分曾经出版过。大多数添加的材料显示了作者认为需要修改的原始单词或拼写。这可能是因为一个词无法被理解，要么是因为它已经过时，要么是因为它在阅读手稿的地区被认为是无法理解的或方言;或者是因为作者知道有些词在世纪的拼写中发生了变化。拼写的变化可能表明发音正在发生变化，也可能是由于讲法语的抄写员在拼写系统方面的新发展。在所有这些情况下，一个注释和旁注的收集版是非常可取的，这样的变化的性质可能会被检查和他们的原因调查。本申请的目的是出版一个完整版的英语注释和旁注在十一世纪和十二世纪初的手稿，最初在允许用户在他们的手稿和文本上下文中看到所有注释的基于web的关系数据库中，还将列出单个单词和出现的任何语言模式中拼写的所有变化。据预计，从数据产生的专题论文将显示重要的发展，在英语在这一时期，迄今为止一直被隐藏，并有助于阐明在英语历史上的一个关键阶段。首先，肯定会有一些词是在世纪以后才进入语言的。第二，注释所显示的所有拼写变化可能反映了发音的发展，将首次以全面和详细的形式记录下来。第三，英语早期的大量数据，迄今尚未公布，将进入公共领域。