Assessment of physical changes occurring during conservation treatment, storage and display of cultural artefacts based on cellulosic materials

评估基于纤维素材料的文物在保护处理、储存和展示过程中发生的物理变化

• 批准号: AH/E009034/1
• 负责人: Andrew Manning
• 金额: $ 8.89万
• 依托单位: University of the Arts London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE009034%2F1
• 关键词: Assessment; physical; changes; occurring; during

The research will specifically investigate the effects of moisture content changes on physical properties of cellulose which can lead to increasing brittleness of cellulosic artefacts such as works of art on paper and plant materials in ethnographic artefacts. The development of brittleness is a major concern in the conservation of artefacts. Chemical causes have been, and continue to be studied by a number of individuals and groups in the field of conservation but physical causes have been much less extensively studied. The moisture content of cellulose is known to change during aqueous conservation treatments and as a result of relative humidity fluctuations during display and storage of objects. This research project will build on an extensive literature survey of previous research findings in the field, laboratory based research will be carried out on specific cellulosic materials, specifically cotton linters, soft-wood papers and Raphia plant specimens. These will be subjected to aqueous treatments and controlled relative humidity fluctuations. The effects of these experiments on specific physical properties of cellulose will be monitored and subsequently analysed.The research will concentrate on two types of physical change relevant to the development of brittleness in cellulose, specifically increased crystallinity and hornification. Cellulose is partly crystalline and partly non-crystalline. The degree of crystallinity of cellulose has a major effect on the mechanical properties of cellulosic materials. As the crystallinity of cellulose increases, celluosic materials become more brittle. It has been suggested that wet conservation treatments may increase crystallinity but the small amount of research carried out to date is contradictory. Another relevant physical change that may occur is hornification - a decrease in moisture regain following drying from the wet state. Where hornification occurs, brittleness has been found to increase.The laboratory techniques used to investigate changes in crystallinity will be Fourier-transform infra red spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Hornification will be investigated by measurement of water retention value. It is thought that hornification and crystallinity increases are able to take place more easily as the degree of polymerisation of cellulose molecules (their 'length') decreases. This decrease in length can occur as a result of deterioration. This will be investigated by measuring the degree of polymerisation of samples using viscometric measurement techniques. The results will be analysed in order to locate any correlations between the ease with which physical changes take place and degree of polymerisation. The effects of physical changes on mechanical properties of the materials tested will be investigated by tensile testing.It is intended that insights gained from this research will be used to develop further research projects that closely target a variety of cultural artefacts. This will help to develop and refine conservation and preservation protocols involving moisture content changes in cellulosic materials.

该研究将特别研究水分含量变化对纤维素物理特性的影响，这可能导致纤维素伪像的脆性越来越大，例如艺术品在纸上和民族志伪影中的植物材料。脆性的发展是保护人工制品的主要关注点。化学原因已经并继续由保存领域的许多个人和群体研究，但是对物理原因的研究得多。已知纤维素的水分含量在水性保护处理过程中会发生变化，并且由于在显示和存储物体时相对湿度波动而导致。该研究项目将基于对该领域先前研究结果的广泛文献调查，将基于实验室的研究对特定的纤维素材料，特别是棉花衬里，软木纸和Raphia植物标本进行。这些将受到水性处理和受控的相对湿度波动的影响。这些实验对纤维素特定物理特性的影响将受到监测并随后进行分析。该研究将集中于与纤维素中脆性发展有关的两种类型的物理变化，特别是增加的结晶度和角化。纤维素部分是结晶的，部分是非晶体。纤维素的结晶度对纤维素材料的机械性能有重大影响。随着纤维素的结晶度的增加，大地表材料变得越来越脆。有人提出，湿保护处理可能会增加结晶度，但迄今为止进行的少量研究是矛盾的。可能发生的另一个相关的物理变化是角质 - 从湿状态干燥后，水分恢复了。在发生角质的地方，已经发现勃迹增加可增加。用于研究结晶度变化的实验室技术将是傅立叶变换红色光谱，X射线衍射和差异扫描量热法。角将通过测量保留水值来研究角。人们认为，随着纤维素分子的聚合程度（它们的“长度”）降低，角质和结晶度的增加可以更容易发生。这种长度下降可能由于恶化而发生。这将通过使用粘度测量技术测量样品的聚合程度来研究。将分析结果，以找到与物理变化发生的易度性和聚合程度之间的任何相关性。物理变化对测试材料机械性能的影响将通过拉伸测试研究。该研究旨在使用这项研究获得的见解来开发进一步的研究项目，这些研究项目紧密针对各种文化伪像。这将有助于开发和完善涉及纤维素材料中水分含量变化的保护和保存方案。