A Rigid Body Database On Human Movement

人体运动的刚体数据库

• 批准号: 7332080
• 负责人: Steven J. Stanhope
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: CLINICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7332080
• 关键词: Rigid; Body; Database; Human; Movement

By studying how net joint moments and individual muscle forces contribute to the control of human movement, we intend to link the capabilities of a physically challenged person to his or her ability to perform activities of daily living. Measuring these contributions is critical for defining adaptive movement control strategies, understanding the process by which movement control strategies for activities like walking, standing and rising from a seated position are selected and implemented, and determining the contribution that assistive technologies play in enhancing function. We have extended existing movement analysis methodologies that estimate the influence of joint moments or muscle forces on the motion of individual joints and body segments, as well as their contribution to overall task performance. Earlier efforts to determine the contribution of net muscular joint moments and individual muscle forces to human movement control have been limited by the assumption that the relative contribution of muscular effort to the control of movement is independent of the position of the body segments. A generalized coordinate formulation of the equations of motion shows that this assumption is incorrect and can lead to errors in interpreting human movement analysis data. Our past research revealed that the generation of forward velocity during normal gait arises primarily from ankle joint plantar flexor push-off, rather than through a controlled fall. We found that the ankle joint plantar flexor muscle group produces forward acceleration of the upper body during periods in which the same muscle group acts eccentrically. We examined the relative contribution of the lower extremity joint moments to the maintenance of upright posture (support) and found that, during the single limb support phase, ankle moments generate the greatest contribution to support. We also examined the relative sensitivity of the joint accelerations to the joint moments during the foot-flat phase of gait and found that the ankle, knee and hip joint accelerations are almost twice as sensitive to moments generated at the knee than to the moments at any other lower extremity joint. During the heel-off phase of gait, the acceleration sensitivities at both the ankle and hip joints increase in response to moments at their own joint. It is clear from these data that there is significant redundancy in controlling the motion of the stance limb. Application of the model to patients with severe muscle weakness has shown how they can exploit this redundancy to develop a variety of alternative movement control strategies during gait and sit-to-stand movements to compensate for weak or lost muscle function. We have further extended the model used in these analyses to estimate the sources of mechanical energy exchange between segments, and have used it to determine the muscle groups responsible for the inter-segment transfer of mechanical energy during gait. We found that the energy transfer depends on the sign of the joint moment, rather than on the sign of the joint power, and that pairs of net joint moments function in combination to balance energy flow through the leg and trunk segments during normal gait.

通过研究净关节力矩和个体肌肉力量如何有助于控制人体运动，我们打算将身体残疾者的能力与他或她进行日常生活活动的能力联系起来。测量这些贡献对于定义自适应运动控制策略，理解选择和实施活动（如步行，站立和从坐姿起身）的运动控制策略的过程，以及确定辅助技术在增强功能方面的贡献至关重要。我们扩展了现有的运动分析方法，估计关节力矩或肌肉力量对单个关节和身体部位运动的影响，以及它们对整体任务性能的贡献。 早期的努力，以确定净肌肉关节力矩和个人的肌肉力量对人体运动控制的贡献已被限制的假设，肌肉的努力，运动控制的相对贡献是独立的身体部分的位置。运动方程的广义坐标公式表明，这种假设是不正确的，并可能导致错误的解释人体运动分析数据。我们过去的研究表明，正常步态期间向前速度的产生主要来自踝关节跖屈肌的推出，而不是通过受控的跌倒。我们发现，踝关节跖屈肌群产生向前加速度的上身期间，同一肌肉群偏心行为。我们研究了下肢关节力矩对维持直立姿势（支撑）的相对贡献，发现在单肢支撑阶段，踝关节力矩对支撑的贡献最大。我们还研究了在步态的平足阶段的关节加速度的关节力矩的相对灵敏度，并发现踝关节，膝关节和髋关节加速度几乎是两倍的灵敏度，在膝盖产生的时刻比在任何其他下肢关节的时刻。在脚跟离地阶段的步态，在踝关节和髋关节的加速度灵敏度增加，以响应在自己的关节的时刻。从这些数据中可以清楚地看出，在控制站立肢体的运动中存在显著的冗余。该模型在严重肌无力患者中的应用表明，他们如何利用这种冗余来开发步态和坐立运动期间的各种替代运动控制策略，以补偿肌肉功能的减弱或丧失。我们进一步扩展了这些分析中使用的模型，以估计节段之间的机械能交换的来源，并使用它来确定负责步态期间节段间机械能转移的肌肉群。我们发现，能量传递取决于联合力矩的符号，而不是联合功率的符号，并且在正常步态期间，成对的净联合力矩组合起平衡通过腿部和躯干段的能量流的作用。