Heterosexual HIV Risk: Effects of Men's Alcohol Use and Sexual Violence

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要：拟议研究的总体目标是探索和描述酒精消费和对女性的性暴力对男性危险性行为的独立和协同作用。研究表明，与受感染的男性伴侣的性活动是妇女感染艾滋病毒的主要方式，性胁迫和性暴力造成的受害史可能加剧妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险，但很少调查性胁迫和性暴力犯罪与导致异性恋男子感染艾滋病毒的危险性行为之间的联系。此外，饮酒在SCV-HIV风险联系中的作用仍未得到研究，尽管有证据表明男性饮酒与危险和暴力性行为有关。本研究探讨了艾滋病毒的危险因素，SCV相关因素，酒精相关因素之间的关系，在一个高性风险的社区样本的年轻男子与妇女发生性关系。本项目的调查部分调查了全球关联和特定事件水平上的这些关系。这个项目的实验部分研究急性酒精中毒对男性的反应的影响，假设性的情况下，涉及安全套谈判与一个偶然的女性伴侣。将在受试者之间操纵一个实验因素：4级酒精状况[清醒、安慰剂、中度中毒（.05%）和高度中毒（.10%）]。依赖性测量将评估参与者在整个安全套协商场景中的认知、情感和行为反应，包括使用胁迫或武力来获得无保护性行为的可能性。背景变量的影响，如艾滋病毒的风险因素，SCV相关的态度和历史，和酒精的预期，对男性的性决定也将进行调查。除了完善有关酒精在危险和暴力性行为中的作用的理论外，研究结果还对有关酒精和性暴力对异性恋艾滋病毒风险的影响的艾滋病毒预防计划产生了影响。该项目代表了一个研究计划，将解决这一重要的，但研究不足，领域的发展的第一步。相关性：艾滋病毒/艾滋病对妇女的健康构成日益严重的威胁，她们主要有通过受感染的男性性伴侣感染艾滋病毒的危险。经历过男子性暴力的妇女表现出较高的艾滋病毒风险因素;因此，需要更好地了解男子的危险性行为与性暴力之间的联系，以便为艾滋病毒预防工作提供信息。此外，男性酒精中毒与危险性行为和性暴力增加有关;因此，了解男性饮酒对其从事暴力和危险性行为的影响，可以进一步完善艾滋病毒教育和预防方案。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project summary: The overarching objective of the proposed research is to explore and delineate the independent and synergistic effects of alcohol consumption and sexual violence against women on men's risky sexual behavior. Research indicates that sexual activity with infected male partners is the primary mode of HIV transmission for women and that a history of victimization resulting from sexual coercion and violence (SCV) may exacerbate women's HIV risk, yet there has been little investigation of the linkages between SCV perpetration and risky sexual behavior leading to potential HIV transmission in heterosexual men. Further, the role of alcohol consumption in the SCV-HIV risk connection remains unexamined, despite evidence from separate lines of research associating men's alcohol use with both risky and violent sexual behavior. This research examines the relationships among HIV risk factors, SCV-related factors, and alcohol-related factors in a high sexual risk community sample of young men who have sex with women. The survey portion of this project investigates these relationships on both global association and event-specific levels. The experimental portion of this project examines the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on men's responses to a hypothetical sexual situation involving condom negotiation with a casual female partner. One experimental factor will be manipulated between subjects: a 4-level Alcohol Condition [Sober, Placebo, Moderate Intoxication (.05%), and High Intoxication (.10%)]. Dependent measures will assess participants' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses throughout the condom negotiation scenario, including the likelihood of using coercion or force to gain unprotected sex. The influence of background variables, such as HIV risk factors, SCV-related attitudes and history, and alcohol expectancies, on men's sexual decisions will also be investigated. In addition to refining theories regarding alcohol's role in both risky and violent sexual behavior, findings have implications for HIV prevention programs concerning the influence of alcohol and sexual violence on heterosexual HIV risk. This project represents a first step in the development of a research program that will address this important, but understudied, area. Relevance: HIV/AIDS poses an increasingly serious health threat to women, who are primarily at risk of contracting HIV through infected male sexual partners. Women who have experienced sexual violence by men exhibit elevated HIV risk factors; thus, a better understanding of the linkages between men's risky sexual behavior and sexual violence is needed to inform HIV prevention efforts. Additionally, alcohol intoxication in men has been associated with increased risky sexual behavior and increased sexual violence; therefore, knowledge regarding the effects of men's alcohol use on their engagement in both violent and risky sexual behavior can further refine HIV education and prevention programs.