Safer Bars: A Cluster-Randomized Effectiveness Evaluation of Alcohol-related Sexual Violence Prevention through Bar Staff Bystander Training

摘要 背景和意义：性暴力行为与以下社会背景密切相关 支持高水平的酒精消费。从2007年开始，亚利桑那州卫生服务部 (ADHS)在疾病预防和预防中心的支持下开发并实地测试了SAFER BAR课程 教育(RPE)资助计划。更安全的酒吧是为提供酒精服务的工作人员提供的预防旁观者培训 机构。这项申请提出了一种理论驱动的、准实验的有效性评估方法 亚利桑那大学的独立团队。我们的方法很重要，因为很少有评估 测量的行为结果以及解释观察到的旁观者变化的中介因素 行为，或与这种干预相关的社区一级的结果。具体目标：具体目标 目的是：(1)测试假设的个人水平行为结果中介模型，该模型基于 计划行为理论；(2)评估项目对条级风险管理安全政策的影响； 以及(3)检查安全酒吧计划在社区层面对减少警察数量的影响 在酒类服务场所密度较高的地区进行调度。方法：整群随机试验 交叉设计，将酒吧水平的参与者随机分为干预组和延迟干预组 是提议的。评估是在基线、培训结束、培训后三个月和六个月进行的。 样本栏将使用地理信息系统(地理信息系统)绘制的热点地图选择 亚利桑那州三所主要大学半径三英里内的警方调度，这三所大学都有很高的 校园附近提供酒精服务的场所密度很高。ADHS将把他们的节目交付重点放在酒吧 在这些确定的地理参数内。我们的分析模型将评估假设的 基于计划行为理论(TPB)的中介模型。感兴趣的结果包括：(A) 作为TPB核心结构的行为意图在多大程度上影响酒吧员工的预期行为 三个月随访时的旁观者行为以及这种关系受到 个人特征和酒吧环境；(B)该方案对酒吧级风险管理的影响 顾客安全政策；及(C)#年出动警力的次数所显示的社区影响。 在基线和项目结束时使用地理信息系统的酒精服务场所密度高的地区 数据。有了有效性的证据，更安全的酒吧对于扩大规模是可行的，而不会在其他地区造成过大的经济负担 所有这些州都接受RPE资金。

Abstract Background and Significance: Sexual violence perpetration is robustly associated with social contexts that support high levels of alcohol consumption. Beginning in 2007, the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) developed and field-tested the Safer Bars curriculum with support from the CDC Rape Prevention and Education (RPE) funding program. Safer Bars is a bystander prevention training for staff of alcohol serving establishments. This application proposes a theory-driven, quasi-experimental effectiveness evaluation by an independent team at The University of Arizona. Our approach is significant because few evaluations have measured behavioral outcomes as well as the mediators that explain the observed changes in bystander behavior, or community-level outcomes associated with such interventions. Specific Aims: the specific aims are to: (1) Test a hypothesized mediational model of individual-level behavioral outcomes based on the Theory of Planned Behavior; (2) assess the effect of the program on bar-level risk management safety policies; and (3) examine the community-level impact of the Safer Bars program on reducing the number of police dispatches in areas with high densities of alcohol-serving establishments. Methods: A cluster-randomized trial design with crossover to randomize participants at the bar level into intervention and delayed intervention arms is proposed. Assessments are at baseline, completion of training, and at three and six months post-training. The sample bars will be selected using Geographical Information System (GIS) mapping of “hot spots” for police dispatches within a three-mile radius of the three major Arizona universities, all of which have a high density of alcohol-serving establishments adjacent to campus. ADHS will focus their program delivery on bars within these identified geographic parameters. Our analytical model will assess a hypothesized moderated mediational model based in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Outcomes of interest include: (a) the extent to which Behavioral Intent, the central construct of TPB, mediates bar staff performance of intended bystander behaviors at three-month follow-up and the extent to which this relationship is moderated by personal characteristics and bar environment; (b) the effects of the program on bar-level risk management patron safety policies; and, (c) the community-level effects as demonstrated by number of police dispatches in areas with a high density of alcohol-serving establishments at baseline and at the end of the project using GIS data. With evidence of efficacy, Safer Bars is feasible for scale-up without excessive financial burden in other states, which all receive RPE funding.