Alcohol and Condom Use Resistance in Sexually Coercive/Violent Men

描述(由申请人提供)：新出现的科学证据表明，男子对妇女施加性胁迫/性暴力在危险的性决策过程中发挥着关键作用。此外，独立的研究表明，酒精中毒与暴力和危险的性行为有关。尽管异性恋女性饮酒、SCV受害和性风险之间的联系已经得到了适度的研究考虑，但异性恋男性酒精中毒、SCV实施和危险性行为之间的相互作用几乎没有得到经验上的关注。这项研究的总体目标是：1)通过对男性酒精中毒对其危险和暴力性行为的影响的实证研究，加深我们对酒精-SCV-高危性行为关系的理解；2)调查酒精中毒和SCV病史对男性对各种女性避孕套使用要求的反应的影响。基于酒精近视理论、酒精期望理论和理性行为和计划行为理论，本研究通过两个实验来研究酒精[清醒、安慰剂(预计0.04%)、中剂量(0.04%)和高剂量(0.08%)]和SCV相关因素对高危男性结局和规范信念、态度、规范、感知行为控制和与女性伴侣发生性行为的意向的影响。女性伴侣的避孕套要求因素，如风险原理(实验1)和避孕套要求方式(实验2)，也将在受试者之间进行操作。还将评估背景因素的作用，如SCV病史、SCV相关态度和饮酒预期。我们假设急性酒精中毒以及SCV相关因素将影响TRA/TPB相关结构，通过对实验参与者6周和3个月的跟踪行为调查，在醉酒状态下测量这些结构将最好地预测真实世界中醉酒的性行为风险行为。这项拟议的研究结果将从三个重要方面完善危险和暴力性行为的TRA/TPB模型：(1)通过检查酒精和SCV相关因素对相关社会认知结构的影响，(2)允许在当下醉酒和清醒状态下对这些TRA/TPB结构进行新的检查，以及(3)通过评估避孕套请求因素对男性避孕套使用抵抗力和危险/暴力性行为意图的影响。研究结果对预防计划和临床干预有影响，特别是关于酒精影响的危险性行为和性暴力的那些。 与公共健康相关：美国的两个主要公共健康问题涉及性行为：性胁迫/暴力和性传播感染。男性酒精中毒与性暴力增加和危险性行为增加有关。因此，拟议的项目对妇女和男子的健康都具有相关性，力求以有助于防止性危险和性暴力的方式，弥合有关男子醉酒、性暴力和性危险行为之间关系的关键知识差距。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emerging scientific evidence demonstrates that men's use of sexual coercion/violence (SCV) against women plays a critical role in risky sexual decision-making processes. Moreover, independent streams of research implicate alcohol intoxication in both violent and risky sexual behavior. Although the linkages among heterosexual women's alcohol use, SCV victimization, and sexual risk have received modest research consideration, the interplay of heterosexual men's alcohol intoxication, SCV perpetration, and risky sexual behavior has received little empirical attention. The overarching objectives of the proposed research are 1) to augment our understanding of the alcohol-SCV-risky sexual behavior nexus through an empirical examination of the influence of men's alcohol intoxication on their commission of risky and violent sexual behaviors and 2) to investigate the effects of alcohol intoxication and SCV history on men's responses to a variety of women's condom use requests. Drawing upon Alcohol Myopia Theory, Alcohol Expectancy Theory, and the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior (TRA/TPB), two experiments are proposed to investigate the influence of alcohol [Sober, Placebo (expect .04%), Moderate Dose (.04%), and High Dose (.08%)] and SCV-related factors on high risk men's outcome and normative beliefs, attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control, and intentions regarding condom use resistance, unprotected sex, and SCV perpetration in a hypothetical sexual situation with a female partner. Female partner condom request factors, such as risk rationale (Experiment 1) and condom request style (Experiment 2), will also be manipulated between subjects. The role of background factors, such as SCV history, SCV-related attitudes, and alcohol expectancies, will also be assessed. We hypothesize that acute alcohol intoxication, as well as SCV-related factors, will influence TRA/TPB-related constructs and that measurement of these constructs in an intoxicated state will best predict real-world intoxicated sexual risk behavior as examined through 6-week and 3-month follow-up behavioral surveys of experiment participants. Findings from the proposed research will refine TRA/TPB models of risky and violent sexual behavior in three important ways: (1) by examining the influence of alcohol and SCV-related factors on relevant social cognitive constructs, (2) by allowing a novel examination of these TRA/TPB constructs in the context of in-the-moment intoxicated vs. sober states, and (3) by assessing the effects of condom request factors on men's condom use resistance and risky/violent sexual intentions. Findings have implications for preventions programs and clinical interventions, particularly those regarding alcohol- influenced risky sexual behavior and sexual violence. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Two major public health concerns in the United States involve sexual behavior: sexual coercion/violence and sexually transmitted infections. Alcohol intoxication in men has been linked to increased sexual violence and increased risky sexual behavior. The proposed project thus has relevance for both women's and men's health by seeking to close key knowledge gaps regarding the relationships among men's intoxication, sexual violence, and sexual risk behavior in ways informative to sexual risk and sexual violence prevention efforts.