Molecular biomarkers of muscle growth and quality traits in Atlantic salmon: gene-nutrient interactions in fast and slow growing strains

大西洋鲑鱼肌肉生长和品质特征的分子生物标志物:快速和慢速生长菌株中的基因-营养相互作用

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    BB/D015391/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 44.55万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2006 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Why is studying muscle growth and quality traits in Atlantic salmon important? Over the last 20 years fish farming has developed into a major industry in rural parts of Scotland, with a shop value of ~ £800 million in 2003. A major factor in the development of the aquaculture industry world-wide has been development of diets and feeding regimens that can improve growth rate and food conversion efficiency, whilst reducing production costs and improving environmental sustainability. With increasing global demand for fish meal and oil there is an increasing demand to move towards alternative raw material sources such as plant proteins. It is therefore necessary to test new raw materials from sustainable sources, often of plant origin, as well as identifying any bioactive components in raw materials that might provide specific health benefits for the fish or consumers. How has growth and quality been improved in the past? Any new diet formulation must be capable of sustaining high growth rates and good flesh quality. Traditionally, the development of new salmon diets has involved formulating small quantities of pressed feeds and testing them in tank-based feeding trials under controlled environmental conditions. The most promising formulations are then taken on to expensive large-scale commercial or semi-commercial nutritional trials in order to fully assess the effects of the diet on growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and quality parameters (flesh colour, texture and fat content). Why is this project new and innovative? The recent revolution in fish genetics, with four genomes sequenced, and the significantly increased knowledge of how muscle mass is regulated mammals has yet to be applied to understanding the mechanisms of complex growth and quality traits in fish. It is known that the raw materials in food contain compounds that can affect growth and quality traits. Molecular biomarkers provide an early sign of a change in an organism's physiological status. One outcome of the project will be the identification of a suite of biomarkers to predict the biological consequence of feeding fish a particular diet without having to conduct very expensive and time-consuming tank and sea cage trials. What will happen during this project? From work on mammals we can deduce the candidate genes/proteins that are likely to make good biomarkers of muscle growth status and flesh quality. Because knowledge about growth regulation is at an early stage, particularly in fish, we will also use genomic approaches in an attempt to discover new genes that are differentially expressed in the muscle of slow and fast growing fish (novel candidates) following transition from low growth to high growth rate diets. The time course of expression of these candidate biomarkers will be investigated together with cellular and structural changes in the muscle and quality characteristics (fat, colour). Statistical techniques will determine how many and which biomarkers can predict growth and quality as well as how confident we can be about the validity of the predictions. This analysis will also allow specific hypothesis about the regulation of muscle growth in salmon to be tested and further understanding of how genetic make-up and environment interact to affect muscle growth and flesh quality characteristics. The new tools in fish nutrition research developed in the project will shorten the time it takes to bring new products to market and contribute to environmental friendly aquaculture by providing a means of testing new raw materials for feeds from sustainable sources.
为什么研究大西洋鲑鱼的肌肉生长和质量性状很重要?在过去的20年里,养鱼业已经发展成为苏格兰农村地区的一个主要产业,2003年的商店价值约为8亿英镑。世界范围内水产养殖业发展的一个主要因素是开发可以提高生长速度和食物转化效率的饲料和喂养方案,同时降低生产成本并提高环境可持续性。随着全球对鱼粉和鱼油的需求不断增加,人们越来越需要转向替代原材料来源,如植物蛋白。因此,有必要测试来自可持续来源的新原材料,通常是植物来源,并确定原材料中可能为鱼类或消费者提供特定健康益处的任何生物活性成分。过去增长和质量是如何提高的?任何新的饮食配方必须能够维持高生长率和良好的肉质。传统上,开发新的鲑鱼饲料涉及配制少量的压榨饲料,并在受控环境条件下进行基于罐的饲养试验。最有希望的配方随后被用于昂贵的大规模商业或半商业营养试验,以充分评估饮食对生长率、饲料转化效率和质量参数(肉色、质地和脂肪含量)的影响。为什么这个项目是新的和创新的?最近的鱼类遗传学革命,四个基因组测序,以及肌肉质量如何调节哺乳动物的知识显着增加,尚未应用于理解鱼类复杂的生长和质量性状的机制。众所周知,食品中的原材料含有可影响生长和质量性状的化合物。分子生物标志物提供了生物体生理状态变化的早期迹象。该项目的成果之一将是确定一套生物标志物,以预测以特定饮食喂养鱼类的生物后果,而不必进行非常昂贵和耗时的水箱和海笼试验。在这个项目期间会发生什么?从对哺乳动物的研究中,我们可以推断出可能成为肌肉生长状态和肉质良好生物标志物的候选基因/蛋白质。由于有关生长调节的知识处于早期阶段,特别是在鱼类中,我们还将使用基因组方法,试图发现从低生长到高生长率饮食过渡后,在缓慢和快速生长的鱼类(新候选者)肌肉中差异表达的新基因。将研究这些候选生物标志物表达的时间过程以及肌肉和质量特征(脂肪,颜色)的细胞和结构变化。统计技术将决定有多少和哪些生物标志物可以预测生长和质量,以及我们对预测的有效性有多大信心。这项分析还将允许对鲑鱼肌肉生长调节的具体假设进行测试,并进一步了解遗传组成和环境如何相互作用,以影响肌肉生长和肉质特性。该项目开发的鱼类营养研究新工具将缩短将新产品推向市场所需的时间,并通过提供一种测试可持续来源饲料新原材料的方法,为环境友好型水产养殖做出贡献。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Transcriptional regulation of the IGF signaling pathway by amino acids and insulin-like growth factors during myogenesis in Atlantic salmon.
  • DOI:
    10.1371/journal.pone.0011100
  • 发表时间:
    2010-06-14
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.7
  • 作者:
    Bower NI;Johnston IA
  • 通讯作者:
    Johnston IA
Phasing of muscle gene expression with fasting-induced recovery growth in Atlantic salmon.
  • DOI:
    10.1186/1742-9994-6-18
  • 发表时间:
    2009-08-24
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.8
  • 作者:
    Bower NI;Taylor RG;Johnston IA
  • 通讯作者:
    Johnston IA
Targeted rapid amplification of cDNA ends (T-RACE)--an improved RACE reaction through degradation of non-target sequences.
  • DOI:
    10.1093/nar/gkq816
  • 发表时间:
    2010-11
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    14.9
  • 作者:
    Bower NI;Johnston IA
  • 通讯作者:
    Johnston IA
Selection of reference genes for expression studies with fish myogenic cell cultures.
  • DOI:
    10.1186/1471-2199-10-80
  • 发表时间:
    2009-08-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Bower NI;Johnston IA
  • 通讯作者:
    Johnston IA
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Ian Alistair Johnston其他文献

Ian Alistair Johnston的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Ian Alistair Johnston', 18)}}的其他基金

Genetic markers for flesh quality in farmed fish
养殖鱼类肉质的遗传标记
  • 批准号:
    BB/J019054/1
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 44.55万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant
Rapid evolution of phenotypic divergence in fish populations
鱼类种群表型分化的快速进化
  • 批准号:
    NE/E015212/1
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 44.55万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grant

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Molecular Biomarkers in pathogenesis of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
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