Coding of action by motor & premotor cortical ensembles

电机动作编码

• 批准号: 7625319
• 负责人: Nicholas G Hatsopoulos
• 金额: $ 43.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-04-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7625319
• 关键词: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Cells; Code; Complex; Development; Devices; Disabled Persons; Distal; Dorsal; Electrodes; Electromyography; Environment; Fingers; Fire - disasters; Food; Goals; Hand; Human; Implant; Injury; Knowledge acquisition; Lead; Lobule; Location; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Neurons; Optics; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Plant Roots; Population; Primates; Prosthesis; Psychophysiology; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Rotation; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Spinal cord damage; Statistical Models; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Upper arm; Work; Wrist; density; digital; grasp; kinematics; relating to nervous system; research study; response; size; spatiotemporal; tool

The goal of this project is to understand how single neurons as well as ensembles of interacting neurons in multiple motor cortical areas coordinate proximal and distal components in reach-to-grasp behavior. Although psychophysical research has determined that prehensile movements involve the coordination of hand transport and grasp preshaping, very little is known about the cortical involvement in coordinating reach and grasp. Most electrophysiological recordings have focused on characterizing the firing of single cortical neurons in relation to either reaching or grasping movements separately. We will determine: 1) how single neurons within dorsal premotor (PMd), ventral premotor (PMv; F5), and primary motor (MI) cortical areas encode both reach and grasp components by explicitly characterizing the encoding of reach-to-grasp coordination; 2) whether there is a topographic organization of reach and grasp neurons within these three cortical areas; and 3) whether there are structured spatiotemporal patterns of spiking among simultaneously recorded neurons that mediate the coordination of reach-to-grasp. To accomplish this, high-density electrode arrays will be chronically implanted in MI, PMv, and PMd from which 100s of single units and local field potentials will be simultaneously recorded while monkeys reach for and grasp objects of different sizes, shapes, and orientations in different three-dimensional locations. A digital optical tracking system using a set of six infrared cameras will monitor the kinematics of the arm and hand during reach-to-grasp behavior. A set of statistical and mathematical methods will be employed to develop encoding models of reach-to-grasp that capture how single neuron spiking and neuronal ensemble activity participate in the coordination of hand transport and grip aperture kinematics. Decoding models will also be used to compare how well ensemble activity within MI, PMv, and PMd can reconstruct the reach and grasp kinematics. More complex reach-to-grasp movements involving obstacle avoidance and grasp of moving objects will be used to test whether these encoding and decoding models generalize to altered coordination patterns. Project Narrative Coordinated reaching and grasping is a ubiquitous feature of human behavior that traces its evolutionary roots to primate foraging for food in arboreal environments and has allowed for the development of more complex actions including tool use and, ultimately, knowledge acquisition through direct contact. The proposed project will enhance our understanding of the cortical contribution to these coordinated behaviors which may lead to more effective rehabilitative treatments for motor disabled patients with cortical damage due to stroke or injury. This work also has direct relevance towards the development of a neuro-motor prosthesis by which spinal cord-damaged or ALS patients may be able to control grasp as well as transport components of artificial devices by activating ensembles of motor cortical neurons.

该项目的目标是了解单个神经元以及相互作用的神经元的集合在 多个运动皮层区域协调伸手抓握行为中的近端和远端组件。虽然 心理物理学的研究已经确定，肢体运动涉及手运输的协调 和抓握预成形，很少有人知道皮质参与协调达到和把握。 大多数电生理记录都集中在表征单个皮层神经元的放电， 分别与到达或抓握运动有关。我们将确定：1）单个神经元如何在 背侧运动前区（PMd）、腹侧运动前区（PMv; F5）和初级运动（MI）皮质区编码两种延伸 和抓取组件，通过明确表征达到抓取协调的编码; 2）是否 在这三个皮层区域内存在到达和抓握神经元的拓扑组织;以及3） 在同时记录的神经元之间是否存在结构化的时空尖峰模式， 调解伸手抓的协调。为了实现这一点，高密度电极阵列将被 在MI、PMv和PMd中长期植入100 s的单个装置和局部场电位， 同时记录，同时猴子达到并抓住不同大小，形状和方向的物体 在不同的三维空间中。使用一组六个红外摄像机的数字光学跟踪系统 将在伸手抓握行为期间监视手臂和手的运动学。一套统计和 数学方法将被用来开发编码模型的达到把握，捕捉如何单一 神经元放电和神经元整体活动参与手运输和抓握的协调 光圈运动学解码模型也将用于比较MI内的总体活动， PMv和PMd可以重建到达和抓取运动学。更复杂的伸手抓握动作 涉及避障和抓取移动物体将被用来测试这些编码和 解码模型推广到改变的协调模式。 项目叙述 协调的伸手和抓握是人类行为的一个普遍特征，可以追溯其进化根源 到灵长类动物在树栖环境中觅食，并允许发展更复杂的 行动，包括工具的使用，并最终通过直接接触获得知识。拟建项目 将增强我们对皮质对这些协调行为的贡献的理解， 为因中风或受伤而导致皮质损伤的运动残疾患者提供更有效的康复治疗。 这项工作也与神经运动假体的开发直接相关， 索损伤或ALS患者可能能够控制抓握以及人工神经元的运输组件。 通过激活运动皮层神经元的集合来实现。