Hydrogeology Core

对地下水流状态的详细了解是了解地球化学特征的先决条件。 在地下的过程。查明补给和排泄区和机制以及流量 线，是必不可少的描绘地球化学演化的趋势？包括As浓度的变化， 并量化反应速率。水文地质支持核心将提供以下工具和专业知识： 收集和分析项目5、6和7的广泛水文地质数据， 翻译核心。将获得并解释以下类型的数据：1）经度、纬度和 高程; 2）从岩心样品和钻屑、水头、传导性 储集性和孔隙度数据; 3）地球物理数据，主要是频率电磁电导率和井下测井 电阻率、伽马、流速和电视图像;和4）示踪剂数据（SF6，CH 4，Br，3 H/3 He，13 C，14 C， 13C，18O，2H）。由堆芯提供和操作的设备包括：1）多级威尔斯井，2） 地质探测器和其他推进式取芯和取样装置，3）现场地下水监测装置，4）a 频率EM电导率系统，5）各种井下测井工具，6）样品制备系统 同位素分析，7）气相色谱仪，和8）惰性气体质谱仪。碳（13 C，14 C）和 水同位素（18 O，2 H）分析将由商业实验室进行。核心将提供支持 对于各种推/拉和强制梯度原位实验，重点是表征 注入和用示踪剂跟踪注入的流体。示踪剂数据也将用于推导地下水 一系列时间尺度（从几个月到一万年）的停留时间，以确定再充电和 监测排泄区和机制，并跟踪含水层中地下水的混合情况。研究支持 核心将为地下水流和反应输运提供三维建模能力 模拟我们将使用水力和示踪数据作为模型地下水流的校准目标， 运输模型，然后将为反应性运输建模提供基线， 生物地球化学核心获得的地球化学数据。

Detailed knowledge of the groundwater flow regime is a pre-condition for understanding the geochemical processes in the subsurface. Identification of recharge and discharge areas and mechanisms, as well as flow lines, are essential for delineating trends in geochemical evolution?including changes in As concentrations, and to quantify reaction rates. The Hydrogeology Support Core will provide the tools and expertise for collection and analysis of a broad range of hydrogeological data for Projects 5, 6 and 7, and the Research Translation Core. The following types of data will be obtained and interpreted: 1) longitude, latitude, and elevation; 2) stratigraphy of the aquifer from core samples and drill cuttings, hydraulic head, conductivity, storativity, and porosity data; 3) geophysical data, primarily frequency EM conductivity, and down-hole logs of resistivity, gamma, flow velocity, and televiewer images; and 4) tracer data (SF6, CH4, Br, 3H/3He, 13C, 14C, 13C, 18O, 2H). The equipment to be provided and operated by the Core include: 1) Multilevel wells, 2) a Geoprobe and other push coring and sampling devices, 3) in situ groundwater monitoring devices, 4) a frequency EM conductivity system, 5) various down-hole logging tools, 6) sample preparation systems for isotopic analyses, 7) gas chromatographs, and 8) noble gas mass spectrometers. Carbon (13C, 14C) and water isotope (18O,2H) analyses will be performed by commercial laboratories. The Core will provide support for the various push/pull and forced gradient in situ experiments, with a focus on characterizing the zone of injections and tracking injected fluids with tracers. Tracer data will also be used to derive groundwater residence times for a range of time scales (from months to 10,000s of years), to identify recharge and discharge areas and mechanisms and to track groundwater mixing in the aquifers. The research support core will provide three-dimensional modeling capabilities for groundwater flow and reactive transport simulations. We will use hydraulic and tracer data as calibration targets for the model groundwater flow and transport model, which will then provide the baseline for reactive transport modeling aided with biogeochemical data obtained by the Biogeochemistry Core.