INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION ON TIME-COURSE OF DIET ADAPTATION

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。美国的肥胖人口数量已经成为一个严重的公共健康问题。目前，三分之二的美国成年女性超重，其中大约一半为肥胖。这种超重增加了因心血管疾病、中风、糖尿病、骨关节炎和某些癌症等慢性疾病而早死的风险。肥胖的两个原因是久坐的生活方式和高脂肪饮食。久坐不动的生活方式会导致日常能量消耗减少，并且在受试者吃高脂肪饮食的日子里，脂肪氧化的缓慢增加。然而，我们认为，这取决于饮食脂肪的类型。饮食中单不饱和脂肪含量高，比如橄榄油，应该比饮食中饱和脂肪含量高，比如肉类和奶制品，导致更多的脂肪氧化。肥胖和非肥胖女性受试者将分别在四个不同的场合进行为期六天的研究。每个场合对脂肪和运动的治疗都会有所不同。它们是：(1)高饱和脂肪的饮食和低水平的运动(2)高饱和脂肪的饮食和1小时中等强度的自行车骑行。另外两种治疗方法是(1)单不饱和脂肪含量高的饮食和低水平的运动，或(2)1小时的适度自行车运动。我们将测量运动后一天的总脂肪燃烧，以及运动后给予受试者早餐的脂肪燃烧。我们预计单不饱和饮食的脂肪增加会更低，特别是当受试者每天进行锻炼时。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The number of obese people in the U.S. has become a serious public health problem. Currently, teo-thirds of adult American women are overweight and roughly half of these are obese. This excess weight increases the risk of early death from chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers. Two of the causes of obesity are a sedentary lifestyle and a high-fat diet. A sedentary lifestyle leads to reduced daily energy expenditure and a slow increase in fat oxidation during a period of days when the subject is eating a high-fat diet. We think, however, this varies depending on the type of dietary fat. Diets high in monounsaturated fat, the type found in olive oil, should result in greater fat oxidation than diets high in saturated fat, the type found in meats and dairy. Obese and non-obese female subjects will be studied for six days each on four different occasions. Each occasion will differ in the fat and exercise treatment. These are: (1) diets high in saturated fat and low levels of exercise and (2) diets high in saturated fat with 1 hour of moderate intensity bike riding. The other two treatments are (1) diets high in monounsaturated fat with low levels of exercise or (2) 1 hour of moderate bicycle exercise. We will measure total fat burning for a day after exercise as well as the burning of fat from a breakfast given to the subjects after they exercise. We expect that the fat gain will be lower for the monounsaturated diet, especially when the subjects perform daily exercise.