Mapping and analysis of genetic loci controlling quality traits in broccoli

西兰花品质性状控制基因位点的定位与分析

• 批准号: BB/E00671X/1
• 负责人: Vicky Buchanan-Wollaston
• 金额: $ 58.8万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FE00671X%2F1
• 关键词: Mapping; analysis; genetic; loci; controlling

Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables has been emphasised as essential to improve the health of the nation. Broccoli is the most popular green vegetable consumed in the UK and is recognised as being rich in nutrients and an excellent source of vitamins and minerals. Broccoli and other Brassica vegetables also contain valuable compounds that have been shown to have a positive effect on human health. Green vegetables such as broccoli are a problem to suppliers and consumers because of their short shelf life, which is exhibited by yellowing and wilting. In addition, loss of valuable nutrients and flavour begin as soon as the crop is harvested and this quality loss may not necessarily be linked to any visible criteria. In this project we aim to address this problem, first by identifying genetic markers that will be useful to plant breeders to create an improved broccoli crop. Secondly, by a detailed analysis of the molecular changes taking place in the lines with differing shelf life characteristics which will allow us to understand the many events that are taking place. This will improve our knowledge of the control of these events and indicate more specific targets for future improvements. We have identified two lines of broccoli that show very different shelf life characteristics. These have been crossed to create a population that can be used to identify the chromosomal loci linked to useful quality attributes such as yellowing time or good nutrient content. Genetic markers linked to useful quality traits will be identified and these will assist in the breeding of improved broccoli lines. Syngenta, the industrial partner in this project, will use the genetic markers identified to introduce chromosomal regions linked to good quality into their elite breeding lines to create new, improved crop varieties. Rapid advances in molecular techniques have allowed plant scientists to obtain a holistic view of molecular changes that are occurring in plants, during development or in response to stress. We have been using such techniques in the study of Arabidopsis leaf senescence and have identified many genes and pathways that are involved in regulating the degradative events that occur in a leaf as it yellows. In this project, we extend this to the analysis of a practical problem, the examination of the molecular events that take place during post harvest senescence in a crop.. We have shown close similarities between broccoli floret senescence and Arabidopsis leaf senescence and we have significant prior knowledge and extensive genetic and molecular resources for broccoli that we can apply to the analysis. The close relationship of broccoli to Arabidopsis allows direct comparison with the data on gene expression and metabolite composition that is already available from Arabidopsis studies. The model plant Arabidopsis has been fully sequenced so we know where all the genes are in this organism. The sequence of brassica is ongoing and is likely to be completed in the lifetime of this project. This sequence information, together with the close similarities between Brassica and Arabidopsis, may allow us to identify likely candidate genes that control the traits that we are studying. This will be important for more targeted improvement approaches in the future.

增加水果和蔬菜的消费被强调为提高国民健康的必要条件。西兰花是英国最受欢迎的绿色蔬菜，被认为富含营养，是维生素和矿物质的极好来源。花椰菜和其他芸苔类蔬菜也含有有价值的化合物，已被证明对人体健康有积极影响。西兰花等绿色蔬菜的保质期短，表现为发黄和萎蔫，因此对供应商和消费者来说都是一个问题。此外，一旦作物收获，宝贵的营养和风味就会开始损失，这种质量损失可能不一定与任何可见的标准有关。在这个项目中，我们的目标是解决这个问题，首先通过识别遗传标记，这将有助于植物育种者创造一个改良的西兰花作物。其次，通过详细分析在不同保质期的生产线上发生的分子变化，这将使我们了解正在发生的许多事件。这将提高我们对这些事件控制的认识，并为未来的改进指明更具体的目标。我们已经鉴定出两种西兰花，它们的保质期特征非常不同。这些品种经过杂交，形成了一个群体，可以用来鉴定与有用的品质属性（如变黄时间或良好的营养含量）相关的染色体位点。与有用的品质性状相关的遗传标记将被确定，这些将有助于培育改良的西兰花品系。该项目的工业合作伙伴先正达将利用鉴定出的遗传标记，将与优良品质相关的染色体区域引入其优良育种品系，以创造新的改良作物品种。分子技术的快速发展使植物科学家能够全面了解植物在发育过程中或对胁迫的反应中发生的分子变化。我们一直在使用这些技术研究拟南芥叶片衰老，并已经确定了许多基因和途径，这些基因和途径参与调节叶片变黄时发生的降解事件。在这个项目中，我们将此扩展到一个实际问题的分析，即在作物收获后衰老期间发生的分子事件的检查。我们已经发现西兰花小花衰老和拟南芥叶片衰老有密切的相似之处，我们对西兰花有重要的先验知识和广泛的遗传和分子资源，我们可以应用于分析。西兰花与拟南芥的密切关系可以直接与基因表达和代谢物组成的数据进行比较，这些数据已经从拟南芥研究中获得。模式植物拟南芥已经被完全测序，所以我们知道所有基因在这个有机体中的位置。芸苔属植物的序列正在进行中，很可能在这个项目的生命周期内完成。这些序列信息，加上芸苔和拟南芥之间的相似之处，可能使我们能够确定控制我们正在研究的性状的可能的候选基因。这对于将来更有针对性的改进方法非常重要。

项目成果

Health-promoting Properties of Fruits and Vegetables

水果和蔬菜的促进健康特性

• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: Terry, L.

A new broccoli × broccoli immortal mapping population and framework genetic map: tools for breeders and complex trait analysis.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1721-6
• 发表时间: 2012-02
• 期刊: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Walley, Peter Glen;Carder, John;Skipper, Emma;Mathas, Evy;Lynn, James;Pink, David;Buchanan-Wollaston, Vicky
• 通讯作者: Buchanan-Wollaston, Vicky

Developing genetic resources for pre-breeding in Brassica oleracea L.: an overview of the UK perspective

开发甘蓝预育种遗传资源：英国观点概述

• DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2012.39.1.062
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• 作者: Walley P