CDC MENTORED PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH SCIENTIST DEVELOPMENT AWARD

描述(由申请人提供)：青少年接触暴力，无论是作为证人还是受害者，越来越普遍，并与青少年的一系列负面后果有关，包括从事艾滋病毒/艾滋病危险行为的可能性增加，例如避孕套使用率低，与多个伴侣发生性关系，以及在酒精或其他物质影响下进行性行为。到目前为止，暴力暴露和艾滋病毒/艾滋病危险行为研究的公共卫生重要性不应被低估；然而，这项研究的几种方法论模仿，最显著的是对回顾、横断面或短期纵向设计的依赖，以及对仅一种类型的暴力暴露或一种艾滋病毒/艾滋病危险行为的狭隘关注，大大限制了这项工作对艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防工作的政策影响。拟议的K01项目利用定量方法方面的进展，结合儿童虐待和忽视纵向研究(LONGSCAN)的方法严谨，这是一套合作的虐待和忽视儿童项目，跟踪了美国5个地点的1,354名儿童，旨在审查受虐待青年接触暴力的不同发展轨迹，具体轨迹在多大程度上更好地预测青少年参与艾滋病毒/艾滋病危险行为的程度，以及背景变量在调节这些轨迹中的作用。反过来，拟议的分析结果，以及来自暴力风险青年家庭和为他们服务的从业人员的反馈，将为制定针对累积和长期暴露于暴力的高风险青年家庭的手册艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防方案提供信息。预防计划和相关手册将作为后续拨款申请的基础，旨在通过随机临床试验对预防计划的有效性进行试点测试。与疾病控制和预防中心概述的健康保护目标一致，K01提供的研究计划、培训活动和指导将通过解决与青春期儿童相关的两个主要公共问题，增加准备成为健康、安全、独立和富有成效的社会成员的青少年数量，这两个问题是：美国青少年暴力暴露的比率不断上升，以及从事与艾滋病毒/艾滋病传播相关的行为的相关风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescent exposure to violence, either as a witness or victim, is increasingly common and associated with a wide range of negative outcomes for youth, including increased likelihood of engaging in HIV/AIDS risk behaviors, such as low rates of condom use, having sex with multiple partners, and engaging in sexual behaviors while under the influence of alcohol or other substances. The public health importance of research to date on violence exposure and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors should not be minimized; however, several methodologicallimitations of this research, most notably the reliance on retrospective, cross- sectional, or short-term longitudinal designs, as well as the narrow focus on only one type of violence exposure or one HIV/AIDS risk behavior, significantly limit the policy implications of this work for HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Utilizing advances in quantitative methods, in combination with the methodological rigor of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), a set of collaborating child abuse and neglect projects following 1,354 children in 5 locations acrossthe United States, the proposed K01 project aims to examine different developmental trajectories of violence exposure among maltreated youth, the extent to which specific trajectories better predict levels of involvement in HIV/AIDS risk behaviors in adolescence, and the role of contextual variables in moderating these trajectories. In turn, findings from the proposed analyses,as well as feedback from families of youth at-risk for violence exposure and the practitioners who serve them, will inform the development of a manualized HIV/AIDS prevention program targeting families of youth at high-risk for cumulative and chronic exposure to violence. The prevention program and associated manual will serve as the foundation for a subsequent grant application which will aim to pilot test the efficacy of the prevention program in a randomized clinical trial. Consistent with Health Protection Goals outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the research plan, training activities, and mentorship afforded by this K01 will increase the number of adolescents who are prepared to be healthy, safe, independent and productive members of society by addressing two major public issues of relevance for adolescent children, the rising rates of youth violence exposure in the U.S. and the associated risk for engaging in behaviors linked with the transmission of HIV/AIDS.