Accelerated breeding of black rot resistant brassicas for the benefit of east African smallholders

加速培育抗黑腐病芸苔属植物，造福东非小农

• 批准号: BB/F004338/1
• 负责人: Paul Hand
• 金额: $ 76.03万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FF004338%2F1
• 关键词: Accelerated; breeding; black; rot; resistant

Plant disease resistance genes can protect crops against pathogens that have the corresponding avirulence (avr) genes. In many cases, the protection conferred by single, generally dominant, disease resistance (R) genes is short lived as the pathogen strains can evolve through mutation and selection, favouring strains with altered or missing avr genes that are therefore able to cause disease. Broad spectrum disease resistance that is quantitative, involving several genes, is generally expected to be more durable. However, this kind of resistance is more difficult to exploit in breeding programmes. The basis of this plant defence strategy is currently unknown. We have chosen quantitative resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc) in Brassica rapa as a model for investigation. Xcc causes black rot of crucifers. This seed-borne disease is one of the most important diseases of Brassicas worldwide. In previous Brassica research at WHRI we have identified good sources of resistance and mapped the location of the major genetic components. In this project we will exploit the exciting new developments in Brassica rapa genomics and emerging information on the close relatedness of the Brassica and Arabidopsis genomes to characterise the resistance and identify the genes involved. The combination of the above resources in the proposed project will allow us to deliver novel and exciting information on the fundamental basis of quantitative disease resistance in a crop species. Key practical outcomes of this work will be resistant plant material with tightly linked molecular markers and information on the extent of natural variation for resistance in Brassica genomes that could be exploited in plant breeding to provide durable resistance to a very significant pathogen.

植物性疾病基因可以保护农作物免受具有相应气相（AVR）基因的病原体。在许多情况下，由于病原体菌株可以通过突变和选择而发展，因此由单一（通常是显性）抗病性（R）基因赋予的保护作用，因此有利于改变或缺失的AVR基因的菌株，因此能够引起疾病。涉及多个基因的定量抗病性抗病性通常会更耐用。但是，这种抵抗力在育种计划中更难利用。该工厂防御策略的基础目前尚不清楚。我们选择了对Brassica Rapa中Xanthomonas campestris PV Campestris（XCC）的定量抗性作为研究的模型。 XCC会导致十字架的黑色腐烂。这种种子传播的疾病是全球胸前最重要的疾病之一。在WHRI的先前胸前研究中，我们已经确定了良好的抗药性来源，并映射了主要遗传成分的位置。在这个项目中，我们将利用有关甘蓝Rapa基因组学的激动人心的新发展以及有关甘蓝和拟南芥基因组密切相关性的新兴信息，以表征抗性并识别所涉及的基因。拟议项目中上述资源的结合将使我们能够以农作物物种的定量疾病抗性基本依据提供新颖而令人兴奋的信息。这项工作的关键实际结果将是具有紧密连接的分子标记物的抗植物材料，并提供有关植物育种中可以利用的胸前基因组抗性自然差异程度的信息，以提供对非常重要的病原体的持久耐药性。