Observing auditory mechanics with pressure and motion measurements

通过压力和运动测量来观察听觉力学

• 批准号: 7173390
• 负责人: ELIZABETH S. OLSON
• 金额: $ 33.22万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7173390
• 关键词: Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Animals; Auditory; Basilar Membrane; Caliber; Cells; Cellular Structures; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Coupled; Coupling; Electric Stimulation; Elements; External auditory canal; Felis catus; Frequencies; Gerbils; Goals; Hair Cells; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Implant; In Situ; Knowledge; Labyrinth; Language; Lasers; Lead; Light; Liquid substance; Literature; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Microscope; Modeling; Motion; Music; Natural regeneration; Nature; Neomycin; Operative Surgical Procedures; Organ of Corti; Pattern; Phase; Play; Preparation; Principal Investigator; Process; Property; Radial; Range; Relative (related person); Research; Resistance; Role; Shapes; Source; Stapes; Stimulus; Structure; Techniques; Time; Tissues; Title; Travel; Tube; Variant; Week; Work; base; concept; design; electric impedance; experience; heterodyning; improved; in vivo; interest; lens; manubrium; middle ear; pressure; programs; repaired; research study; response; sensor; size; sound; tool; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary objective of this research is to further our understanding of the mechanics of the healthy cochlea. A secondary objective is to understand how sound is transmitted through the healthy middle ear. To attain these objectives we use two powerful experimental techniques: intracochlear pressure measurements and interferometric measurements of intracochlear and middle ear motion. Specific experiments measure sound transmission within the cochlea to explore the interaction between the cochlea's active mechanics and the cochlear traveling wave, and sound transmission between the cochlea and the ear canal to determine how the middle ear filters cochlear emissions. Other experiments will measure detailed motion of the cochlea's basilar membrane; subtle spatial variations could reveal the operation of the cell based forces that shape cochlear tuning. In order to understand the passive substrate for cochlear tuning, upon which the interesting "active" cell-based forces must build, one experiment will measure the stiffness and resistance of the cochlea's basilar membrane and organ of Corti in situ, another will measure tuning in cochleae in which the organ of Corti was ototoxically damaged. Finally, one experiment will trace the source of the observed middle ear transmission delay. The measurements are aimed at understanding the mechanics of the normal cochlea and middle ear. Nevertheless, they are significant to the treatment of the hearing impaired. While cochlear implants have been breathtakingly successful, a divide remains between the functional hearing available with an implant and the natural auditory experience of music, language, and nature. To decrease this divide, cochlear implants and hearing aids continue to be improved and a better understanding of the natural processing of the cochlea will benefit this work. Beyond implants and aids, the promise of repairing the organ of Corti through therapies that regenerate or repair cochlear hair cells is very exciting, and the understanding of the normal mechanics will help guide these advances. In the case of the middle ear, surgical therapies are available but are not always successful. Better understanding the transmission of sound through the middle ear is one of the goals of this proposal, and gaining that knowledge could influence its surgical repair.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的主要目的是进一步了解健康耳蜗的机制。第二个目标是了解声音如何通过健康的中耳传播。为了实现这些目标，我们使用两种强大的实验技术：耳蜗内压力测量以及耳蜗内和中耳运动的干涉测量。具体的实验测量耳蜗内的声音传输，以探索耳蜗的主动力学和耳蜗行波之间的相互作用，以及耳蜗和耳道之间的声音传输，以确定中耳如何过滤耳蜗发射。其他实验将测量耳蜗基底膜的详细运动。微妙的空间变化可以揭示塑造耳蜗调谐的细胞力的运作。为了了解耳蜗调谐的被动基质（必须在其上建立有趣的“主动”细胞力），一项实验将测量耳蜗基底膜和柯蒂氏器原位的刚度和阻力，另一个实验将测量柯蒂氏器受到耳毒性损伤的耳蜗的调谐。最后，一项实验将追踪观察到的中耳传输延迟的来源。测量的目的是了解正常耳蜗和中耳的力学结构。然而，它们对于听力障碍者的治疗具有重要意义。尽管人工耳蜗取得了惊人的成功，但人工耳蜗的功能性听力与音乐、语言和自然的自然听觉体验之间仍然存在鸿沟。为了缩小这种差距，人工耳蜗和助听器不断得到改进，更好地了解耳蜗的自然加工过程将有利于这项工作。除了植入物和辅助设备之外，通过再生或修复耳蜗毛细胞的疗法来修复柯蒂氏器官的前景非常令人兴奋，对正常机制的理解将有助于指导这些进展。对于中耳，可以进行手术治疗，但并不总是成功。更好地了解声音通过中耳的传输是该提案的目标之一，获得这些知识可能会影响其手术修复。