Group Testing in the Presence of Error with Application to HIV/AIDS

应用于艾滋病毒/艾滋病时存在错误的群体测试

• 批准号: 7172594
• 负责人: Michael G Hudgens
• 金额: $ 7.02万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7172594
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acute; Algorithms; Analytical Chemistry; Area; Back; Biological; Blood Banks; Characteristics; Classification; Communicable Diseases; Detection; Disease; Drug Industry; Eating; Entomology; Genetic; Grant; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Individual; Industry; Information Theory; International; Literature; Methodology; Methods; Military Personnel; Modeling; Motivation; Mutation; North Carolina; Numbers; Pharmacologic Substance; Population; Predictive Value; Prevalence; Prevention; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Rare Diseases; Rate; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Screening procedure; Sensitivity and Specificity; Specimen; Syphilis; System; Techniques; Testing; United States; Universities; Work; base; computer science; cost; cost effective; innovation; interest; prevent; programs; size; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Pooling of specimens to increase efficiency of screening individuals for rare diseases has a long history, dating back to screening of syphilis in military inductees in the 1940s. Over the years, specimen pooling or group testing has been applied in entomology, genetics, international trade, the pharmaceutical and blood bank industries, computer science, analytical chemistry, and many other areas. In the context of infectious diseases, group testing is typically used for (i) case identification, i.e., detecting all individuals having the disease of interest, and (ii) prevalence estimation, i.e., estimating the proportion of individuals in the population having a particular disease. As an example of the former, currently the nation's blood banks and the state of North Carolina's public HIV testing system employ specimen pooling to detect individuals recently infected with HIV. Group testing can be more efficient, accurate, and precise than individual testing; yet, many of the results supporting the use of group testing have gone unrecognized in the infectious disease setting owing to the vast and diverse group testing literature. We propose to research statistical aspects of group testing with application to case identification and prevalence estimation in HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Our specific aims are to derive and compare the operating characteristics of multistage and array based group testing algorithms for both the identification and estimation problems in the presence of test error. Models for test error will consider constant and pool size dependent sensitivity and specificity. We hypothesize that array testing algorithms are superior to conventional multistage testing algorithms in terms of efficiency and accuracy. While the methodology is motivated by detection of acute HIV, our results will be directly applicable to other infectious diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：汇集样本以提高罕见疾病筛查个体的效率有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到20世纪40年代对入伍军人进行梅毒筛查。多年来，标本汇集或群体测试已应用于昆虫学、遗传学、国际贸易、制药和血库行业、计算机科学、分析化学和许多其他领域。在传染病方面，群体检测通常用于(i)病例识别，即检测所有患有感兴趣的疾病的个体，以及（ii）流行率估计，即估计患有特定疾病的个体在人口中的比例。作为前者的一个例子，目前全国的血库和北卡罗来纳州的公共艾滋病毒检测系统采用标本池来检测最近感染艾滋病毒的个体。群体测试可以比个人测试更有效、准确和精确；然而，由于大量和多样化的群体测试文献，许多支持使用群体测试的结果在传染病环境中未得到承认。我们建议研究群体测试的统计方面，并将其应用于艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他传染病的病例识别和流行率估计。我们的具体目标是推导和比较多级和基于阵列的组测试算法在存在测试误差的识别和估计问题上的工作特性。测试误差模型将考虑常数和池大小相关的灵敏度和特异性。我们假设阵列测试算法在效率和精度方面优于传统的多阶段测试算法。虽然该方法的动机是检测急性艾滋病毒，但我们的结果将直接适用于其他传染病。

项目成果

Three-dimensional array-based group testing algorithms.

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.01158.x
• 发表时间: 2009-09
• 期刊: Biometrics
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Kim HY;Hudgens MG
• 通讯作者: Hudgens MG

Optimal Configuration of a Square Array Group Testing Algorithm.

• DOI: 10.1080/03610920903391303
• 发表时间: 2011-01-01
• 期刊: Communications in statistics: theory and methods
• 作者: Hudgens MG;Kim HY
• 通讯作者: Kim HY