Parental Impact on Filipino Early Childhood Development*

生命的最初几年越来越被强调为生命周期中的健康和生产力的关键 在改善儿童早期发展(ECD)方面做出了更多努力。然而，人们对此知之甚少 关于发展中国家幼儿疾病的决定因素，包括家庭背景的重要性。这个 FIRCA申请“菲律宾儿童早期发展：纵向分析”家长资助 试图通过以下方式填补部分知识空白：(1)人口研究办公室(OPS)在#年收集的数据 菲律宾关于0-4岁儿童及其家庭、幼儿发展服务提供者以及 社区，在启动新的幼儿发展方案之前，有三轮后续数据；(2) 分析幼儿发展方案的影响；以及(3)通过合作进行能力建设。本FIRCA 应用于父母背景对幼儿疾病和孕产妇保健影响的新分析， 以收集的数据、获得的知识为基础，在 母公司拨款--但超越了母公司项目。具体的FIRCA主题已由OPS制定 工作人员基于他们的专业知识和研究兴趣，并基于对 菲律宾对儿童和孕产妇健康的了解现状和差距 纪律观点。技术/生物“生产函数”的构建 ECD(或孕产妇健康)直接依赖于父母选择的投入和外部来源的投入 将利用父母组织对父母背景对幼儿发展的直接影响的实证调查(或 关于产妇健康)。对替代规范的探索将提供对其重要性的基本见解 大多数文献中是否使用了强有力的假设来正确估计和解释因果关系？ 家庭背景对幼儿疾病和孕产妇健康的影响简化形式的需求关系，包括 家庭背景的直接和间接影响将提供进一步的洞察，了解家庭资源和 行为影响婴幼儿疾病和孕产妇健康。此FIRCA研究以运维为中心，由运维员工领导 这些研究将丰富我们对父母背景对ECD和孕产妇健康的关键影响的知识 在低收入的情况下提供护理，并允许在行动处进行进一步的分析能力建设。

The initial years of life are increasingly emphasized as critical for health and productivity over the life cycle and increasing efforts have been made to improve early childhood development (ECD). Yet little is known about determinants of ECD in developing countries, including the importance of family background. The parent grant on "Filipino Early Childhood Development: Longitudinal Analysis" for this FIRCA application attempts to fill part of this knowledge gap through: (1) collection by the Office of Population Studies (OPS) in the Philippines of longitudinal data on children aged 0-4 and their families, ECD services providers, and communities in 2001prior to initiation of a new ECD program with three rounds of follow-updata; (2) analyses of impacts of the ECD program; and (3) capacity-building through collaboration. This FIRCA application is for new analyses of effects of parental background on ECD and on maternal health care, building on data collected, knowledge gained, and collaborative research relations developed under the parent grant -- but going beyond the parent project. The specific FIRCA topics have been developed by OPS staff based on their expertise and research interests and are grounded in substantial familiaritywith the current state of and gaps in understanding of child and maternal health in the Philippines from a varietyof disciplinary perspectives. The construct of technological/biological "production functions" for indicators of ECD (or of maternal health) dependent directly on inputs chosen by the parents and on inputs exogenous to parents will be used to organize empirical investigation of direct impacts of parental background on ECD (or on maternal health). Exploration of alternative specifications will provide essential insights into how important are strong assumptions used in most of the literature for correct estimation and interpretation of causal impacts of family background on.ECD and maternal health. Reduced-formdemand relations that incorporate both direct and indirect effects of family background will provide further insight on how family resources and behaviors affect ECD and maternal health. This FIRCA research, centered at OPS with OPS staff leading the studies, will enrich our knowledge of critical effects of parental background on ECD and maternal health care in a low-income context, as well as permit further analytical capacity-building at OPS.