Early Child Development Programs: Effective Interventions for Human Development

儿童早期发展计划：人类发展的有效干预措施

• 批准号: 8289368
• 负责人: JERE R BEHRMAN
• 金额: $ 50.89万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-22 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8289368
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Advocacy; Age; Biological Markers; Budgets; Child; Child Development; Childhood; Chile; Cognitive; Collaborations; Collection; Commit; Confidentiality; Costs and Benefits; Country; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Day Care; Day center care; Developing Countries; Development; Dimensions; Disadvantaged; Economics; Education; Emotional; Enrollment; Evaluation; Family; Family member; Gender; Government; Health; Health Insurance; Heterogeneity; Hour; Human Development; Income; Inequality; International; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Labor Forces; Leadership; Letters; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Surveys; Mental Depression; Methodology; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Motivation; Nursery Schools; Nutritional status; Outcome; Parents; Pensions; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Policies; Policy Maker; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Process; Program Development; Provider; Reporting; Research; Resources; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Services; Simulate; Social Perception; Social Policies; Structural Models; Surveys; Terminology; Time; Universities; Uterus; Variant; Work; base; cost effective; cost effectiveness; early childhood; effective intervention; health economics; human capital; improved; infancy; innovation; interest; intergenerational; kindergarten; member; operation; performance tests; physical conditioning; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; research study; satisfaction; skill acquisition; skills; social; social skills; socioeconomics; symposium; time use; tool; unemployment insurance; voucher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early childhood development (ECD) -- cognitive, non-cognitive and physical health -- of pre-school age children is increasingly seen as critical in health and socioeconomic well-being later in life. But over 240 million children under 5y of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential. Advocacy for and resources devoted to ECD have increased substantially in developing countries. Yet what is known about impacts of such programs is based on few studies usually with small samples, limited outcome indicators, limited program information, small scale of operation and often problems of interpreting associations as reflecting causal effects. This project promises substantial increases in knowledge of ECD by exploiting a rich new data set with a national representative longitudinal sample of 15,000 children initially 0-5y of age and their families with linked data that permit extensive characterization of the children and their family members and the ECD programs to which they have been exposed in Chile. The Specific Aims are: (1): To enrich a public-use panel data set initiated in 2009 and to be continued at least through 2011 on 15,000 children initially 0-5y of age and their families in a nationally representative sample that is linked to other data (that include economic, health and other relevant information on all family members; child school and national test performance and ECD Center quality) with embedded experiments. (2): To describe age-gender-SES-regional gradients/inequalities in ECD program participation and quality and in ECD outcomes including cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health. (3): To analyze ECD program participation. (4): To analyze impacts of ECD programs, including quality and curricular focus, on child cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health. (5): To analyze impacts of ECD programs on mothers' time use (e.g., hours worked) and their general life satisfaction and depression. (6): To estimate cost effectiveness and cost-benefit ratios for various interventions to improve ECD to provide better tools for policy makers to make more informed choices among intervention options. (7): To simulate expected impacts of interventions to improve ECD on age-gender-SES-regional gradients/inequalities in ECD access and in cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health outcomes. The combination of special data features (e.g., large, nationally-representative sample; linkages to other data sources; indicators of cognitive, non-cognitive and physical development; information on ECD program quality; experiments) and methodologies not applied before to ECD in developing countries (e.g., structural models with intergenerational links in un-observables, selection regarding programs and heterogeneous impacts) promises substantial gains in knowledge about ECD. Chile is a particularly interesting context in which to study ECD because of its leadership in innovative social programs, some unique programs not present elsewhere (e.g., vouchers), rich data described above and possible implications for other middle-income as well as high-income countries. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Early childhood development (ECD) -- cognitive, non-cognitive and physical health -- of pre-school age children is critical for health and socioeconomic well-being not only during childhood but also later in life. Though over 240 million children under 5y of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential, little is known regarding what makes ECD programs effective. The combination of rich data and new methodologies in this project promises considerable advancement of our knowledge on this important topic.

描述（由申请人提供）：学龄前儿童的早期儿童发展（ECD）——认知、非认知和身体健康——越来越被视为对以后生活中的健康和社会经济福祉至关重要。但是，在发展中国家，超过2.4亿的5岁以下儿童没有达到他们的发展潜力。发展中国家对幼儿发展的宣传和专门用于幼儿发展的资源已大大增加。然而，对这些项目影响的了解是基于很少的研究，通常是小样本、有限的结果指标、有限的项目信息、小规模的操作，并且经常存在将关联解释为反映因果效应的问题。该项目利用了丰富的新数据集，其中包括具有全国代表性的1.5万名0-5岁儿童及其家庭的纵向样本，并利用相关数据对智利儿童及其家庭成员及其接触的ECD项目进行了广泛的描述，从而有望大幅增加对ECD的了解。具体目标是：(1)：丰富2009年启动并将至少持续到2011年的公共用途面板数据集，该数据集涉及1.5万名最初0-5岁儿童及其家庭，是一个具有全国代表性的样本，该样本与其他数据（包括所有家庭成员的经济、健康和其他相关信息；儿童学校和国家考试成绩以及幼儿发展中心的质量）通过嵌入实验相关联。(2)：描述儿童早期发展项目参与和质量以及儿童早期发展结果（包括认知发展、非认知发展和身体健康）方面的年龄、性别、ses和地区梯度/不平等。(3)：分析ECD项目参与情况。(4)：分析ECD项目对儿童认知发展、非认知发展和身体健康的影响，包括质量和课程重点。(5)：分析ECD项目对母亲时间使用（如工作时间）、总体生活满意度和抑郁程度的影响。(6)：评估改善幼儿发展的各种干预措施的成本效益和成本效益比，为决策者在干预方案中做出更明智的选择提供更好的工具。(7)：模拟改善幼儿发展的干预措施对儿童发展机会、认知发展、非认知发展和身体健康结果方面的年龄、性别、ses、区域梯度/不平等的预期影响。特殊数据特征（例如，具有全国代表性的大样本；与其他数据源的联系；认知、非认知和身体发育指标；关于幼儿发展计划质量的信息；实验）和以前未应用于发展中国家幼儿发展的方法（例如，不可观察的代际联系的结构模型，关于计划的选择和异质影响）的结合，有望在幼儿发展知识方面取得实质性进展。智利是研究幼儿发展的一个特别有趣的背景，因为它在创新社会项目方面处于领先地位，一些独特的项目（如代金券）在其他地方没有，上面描述的丰富数据以及对其他中等收入和高收入国家可能产生的影响。