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Early Child Development Programs: Effective Interventions for Human Development

儿童早期发展计划：人类发展的有效干预措施

基本信息

批准号：
8675749
负责人：
JERE R BEHRMAN
金额：
$ 41.74万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-22 至 2016-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8675749
关键词：
Accounting Address Adult Advocacy Age Biological Markers Budgets Child Child Development Childhood Chile Cognitive Collaborations Collection Commit Confidentiality Costs and Benefits Country Data Data Set Data Sources Day Care Day center care Developing Countries Development Dimensions Disadvantaged Economics Education Emotional Enrollment Evaluation Family Family member Gender Government Health Health Insurance Heterogeneity Hour Human Development Income Inequality International Intervention Investigation Knowledge Labor Forces Leadership Letters Life Life Cycle Stages Link Literature Longitudinal Surveys Mental Depression Methodology Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Mothers Motivation Nursery Schools Nutritional status Outcome Parents Pensions Personal Satisfaction Personality Policies Policy Maker Positioning Attribute Poverty Process Program Development Provider Reporting Research Resources Sampling School-Age Population Schools Services Simulate Social Perception Social Policies Structural Models Surveys Terminology Time Universities Uterus Variant Work base cost effective cost effectiveness early childhood effective intervention health economics human capital improved infancy innovation interest intergenerational kindergarten member operation performance tests physical conditioning programs psychologic research study satisfaction skill acquisition skills social social skills socioeconomics symposium time use tool unemployment insurance voucher

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Early childhood development (ECD) -- cognitive, non-cognitive and physical health -- of pre-school age children is increasingly seen as critical in health and socioeconomic well-being later in life. But over 240 million children under 5y of age in developing countries do not reach their developmental potential. Advocacy for and resources devoted to ECD have increased substantially in developing countries. Yet what is known about impacts of such programs is based on few studies usually with small samples, limited outcome indicators, limited program information, small scale of operation and often problems of interpreting associations as reflecting causal effects. This project promises substantial increases in knowledge of ECD by exploiting a rich new data set with a national representative longitudinal sample of 15,000 children initially 0-5y of age and their families with linked data that permit extensive characterization of the children and their family members and the ECD programs to which they have been exposed in Chile. The Specific Aims are: (1): To enrich a public-use panel data set initiated in 2009 and to be continued at least through 2011 on 15,000 children initially 0-5y of age and their families in a nationally representative sample that is linked to other data (that include economic, health and other relevant information on all family members; child school and national test performance and ECD Center quality) with embedded experiments. (2): To describe age-gender-SES-regional gradients/inequalities in ECD program participation and quality and in ECD outcomes including cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health. (3): To analyze ECD program participation. (4): To analyze impacts of ECD programs, including quality and curricular focus, on child cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health. (5): To analyze impacts of ECD programs on mothers' time use (e.g., hours worked) and their general life satisfaction and depression. (6): To estimate cost effectiveness and cost-benefit ratios for various interventions to improve ECD to provide better tools for policy makers to make more informed choices among intervention options. (7): To simulate expected impacts of interventions to improve ECD on age-gender-SES-regional gradients/inequalities in ECD access and in cognitive development, non-cognitive development and physical health outcomes. The combination of special data features (e.g., large, nationally-representative sample; linkages to other data sources; indicators of cognitive, non-cognitive and physical development; information on ECD program quality; experiments) and methodologies not applied before to ECD in developing countries (e.g., structural models with intergenerational links in un-observables, selection regarding programs and heterogeneous impacts) promises substantial gains in knowledge about ECD. Chile is a particularly interesting context in which to study ECD because of its leadership in innovative social programs, some unique programs not present elsewhere (e.g., vouchers), rich data described above and possible implications for other middle-income as well as high-income countries.

描述(由申请人提供)：学龄前儿童的早期儿童发展(ECD)--认知、非认知和身体健康--越来越被视为对以后的健康和社会经济福祉至关重要。但在发展中国家，超过2.4亿5岁以下的儿童没有发挥出他们的发展潜力。在发展中国家，对幼儿发展的宣传和专门用于幼儿发展的资源大幅增加。然而，关于这类项目的影响所知的是很少有研究，通常是小样本、有限的结果指标、有限的项目信息、小规模的操作，以及经常存在将关联解释为反映因果关系的问题。该项目承诺通过利用丰富的新数据集，利用国家代表性的纵向样本15,000名最初为0-5岁的儿童及其家庭，并利用关联数据，广泛描述儿童及其家庭成员的特征，以及他们在智利接触到的ECD计划，从而大幅增加对幼儿发展的了解。具体目标是：(1)通过嵌入实验，丰富2009年开始并将至少持续到2011年的15,000名最初为0-5岁儿童及其家庭的公共使用的小组数据集，这是一个具有全国代表性的样本，与其他数据相联系(包括关于所有家庭成员的经济、健康和其他相关信息；儿童学校和国家考试成绩和幼儿发展中心质量)。(2)：描述幼儿发展项目参与度和质量以及幼儿发展成果(包括认知发展、非认知发展和身体健康)方面的年龄-性别-社会地位-地区梯度/不平等。(3)：ECD项目参与度分析。(4)：分析幼儿发展计划对儿童认知发展、非认知发展及身体健康的影响。(5)：分析幼儿发展计划对母亲的时间使用(如工作时间)、总体生活满意度和抑郁的影响。(6)：评估各种干预措施的成本效益和成本效益比，以改善幼儿发展，为决策者提供更好的工具，以便在干预方案中做出更明智的选择。(7)：模拟改善幼儿发展的干预措施对幼儿发展机会以及认知发展、非认知发展和身体健康结果的年龄-性别-社会地位-区域梯度/不平等的预期影响。特殊的数据特征(例如，具有全国代表性的大样本；与其他数据源的联系；认知、非认知和身体发展的指标；关于幼儿发展项目质量的信息；实验)和以前没有应用于发展中国家幼儿发展的方法(例如，在不可观测的情况下具有代际联系的结构模型、关于方案的选择和不同的影响)的组合，有望在关于幼儿发展的知识方面取得实质性进展。智利是研究幼儿发展的一个特别有趣的背景，因为它在创新的社会方案方面处于领先地位，一些其他地方没有的独特方案(例如代金券)，上述丰富的数据以及对其他中等收入和高收入国家可能产生的影响。