Magnetic field- and pressure- optical effects in CuInSe2, CuGaSe2 and CuInS2

为了减少对化石燃料的依赖，开发经改进的可再生能源极为重要。太阳能作为最环保和最丰富的此类资源而处于领先地位，因为太阳向地球表面传输的能量比目前世界能源消耗量大10万倍。太阳能电池采用了一系列材料，在这里，我们提出了黄铜矿半导体的工作，它提供了特别的优点，即（1）极高的吸收系数，比任何其它已知的半导体都高（2）能隙接近地面和空间条件的最佳值（3）由于有效的自-室温下的愈合机制要研究的材料是CuInSe 2、CuGaSe 2和CuInS 2半导体，这些半导体目前用于太阳能电池的吸收层，这些太阳能电池保持薄膜光伏器件的创纪录转换效率（Cu（InGa）Se 2光伏器件为19%，CuInS 2基光伏器件为12%），并且与任何其他薄膜太阳能电池相比，表现出上级稳定性。CuInS 2（Eg ~ 1.53 eV）的带隙几乎理想地匹配太阳光谱，而在基于CuInSe 2的电池中，通过使CuInSe 2（Eg ~ 1.05 eV）和CuGaSe 2（Eg ~ 1.68 eV）合金化来实现最佳效率。到目前为止，基于Cu（InGa）（SSe）2的技术的进展主要是使用科学直觉而不是基于知识的设计来实现的。在这里，我们建议在磁场和高压的存在下使用光谱学来提高对这些材料的理解，并将其应用于改进太阳能电池的开发。

The development of improved sources of renewable energy is of extreme importance in order to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Solar energy leads the way as the most environmentally friendly and abundant of such resources since the Sun transmits to the earth surface an amount of energy 100,000 times greater than present world energy consumption. A range of materials are employed for solar cells and here we propose work on chalcopyrite semiconductors which offer particular advantages, namely (1) extremely high absorption coefficients, higher than any other known semiconductor (2) energy gaps close to the optimal values for terrestrial and space conditions (3) robustness and relative insensitivity to irradiation by both high energy protons and electrons as a result of efficient self-healing mechanisms at room temperature. The materials to be studied are CuInSe2, CuGaSe2 and CuInS2 semiconductors as are currently used in the absorber layer of solar cells which hold record conversion efficiencies for thin-film photovoltaic devices (19% for Cu(InGa)Se2- photovoltaic devices and 12% for CuInS2-based ones) and demonstrate superior stability when compared to any other thin-film solar cell. The band-gap of CuInS2 (Eg ~ 1.53 eV) almost ideally matches the solar spectrum whereas in CuInSe2-based cells the optimum efficiency is achieved by alloying CuInSe2 (Eg ~ 1.05 eV) and CuGaSe2 (Eg ~ 1.68 eV). Progress so far with Cu(InGa)(SSe)2-based technologies has mostly been attained using scientific intuition rather than knowledge-based design. Here we propose to use optical spectroscopy, in the presence of magnetic fields and high pressure, to improve the understanding of these materials and apply this to the deveopment of improved solar cells.