Stress and Subsequent Drinking in Individuals with Different Drinking Motives

描述（由申请人提供）：一个人饮酒的原因与发展酒精中毒的风险有关。与其他饮酒动机相比，应对动机（酒精用于减轻压力或负面影响）和增强动机（酒精用于增强积极情绪）都与酒精问题的风险增加有关。而增强动机的个人往往大量饮酒，这增加了他们的酒精问题的风险，那些应对动机有一个独立的酗酒酒精问题的风险较高。事实上，与应对动机相关的风险增加的基础还没有得到很好的理解。研究争论说，增加的风险与（a）应对动机的饮酒者有更大的情感困扰或焦虑或（B）应对动机的饮酒者在一开始就有更严重的酒精问题有关。饮酒的动机似乎可以缓和压力和随后的饮酒之间的关系，其中具有应对动机的个体特别容易受到压力诱导的饮酒的影响。 这项研究使用临床实验室设置收集试点数据，可用于未来的研究，以更密切地研究压力和饮酒之间的关系，在社会饮酒者谁赞同不同的饮酒动机。该项目比较了非酒精饮酒者在心理压力（或无压力控制条件）下饮酒的应对与增强动机。该项目采用经过验证的方法和工具来衡量饮酒动机，诱导和测量压力，并检查酒精消费。 据推测，压力和饮酒动机将相互作用，关于随后的酒精消费，压力有最大的影响，在个人应对饮酒的动机。此外，据推测，指数的压力反应将是最密切相关的参与者与应对动机的酒精消费。为了使酒精中毒预防工作得到精心设计和有效管理，我们必须了解风险因素是如何表现的。这项研究计划的最终目标是通过提供经验数据来帮助酒精中毒预防工作，以建议应该针对那些由于饮酒动机而可能面临未来酒精问题风险的个人进行哪些过程。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One's reasons for drinking alcohol are related to risk of developing alcoholism. Both coping motives (where alcohol is used to reduce stress or negative affect) and enhancement motives (where alcohol is used to augment positive emotions) are associated with increased risk of alcohol problems compared to other motives for drinking. Whereas individuals with enhancement motives tend to drink heavily, which increases their risk of alcohol problems, those with coping motives have a higher risk of alcohol problems independent of heavy drinking. In fact, the basis of the increased risk associated with coping motives is not well understood. Research disputes that the increased risk is related to either (a) coping-motivated drinkers having greater affective distress or anxiety or (b) coping-motivated drinkers having greater severity of alcohol problems at the outset. It does appear that motives for drinking may moderate the relationship between stress and subsequent drinking, where individuals with coping motives are especially susceptible to stressinduced drinking. This study uses a clinical laboratory setting to collect pilot data that can be used in future studies to more closely examine the relationship between stress and drinking in social drinkers who endorse different motives for drinking. The project compares non-alcoholic drinkers with coping vs. enhancement motives for drinking on their alcohol consumption following a psychological stressor (or no-stress control condition). The project employs validated methods and instruments to measure drinking motives, to induce and measures stress, and to examine alcohol consumption. It is hypothesized that stress and drinking motive will interact regarding subsequent alcohol consumption, where stress has the greatest impact in individuals with coping motives for drinking. In addition, it is hypothesized that indices of the stress response will be most strongly related to alcohol consumption in participants with coping motives. In order for alcoholism prevention efforts to be well-designed and effectively administered, we must understand how risk factors are manifest. The ultimate goal of this program of research is to help alcoholism prevention efforts by providing empirical data to suggest what processes should be targeted in individuals who, because of their motives for drinking, may be at particular risk for future alcohol problems.