Stress and Subsequent Drinking in Individuals with Different Drinking Motives

说明(申请人提供)：饮酒原因与发生酒精中毒的风险有关。与其他饮酒动机相比，应对动机(酒精被用来减轻压力或负面情绪)和增强动机(酒精被用来增强积极情绪)都与酒精问题的风险增加有关。尽管动机增强的人倾向于酗酒，这会增加他们出现酒精问题的风险，但那些有应对动机的人发生酒精问题的风险更高，与酗酒无关。事实上，与应对动机相关的风险增加的基础还没有被很好地理解。研究认为，风险增加与(A)应对动机饮酒者有更大的情感痛苦或焦虑，或(B)应对动机饮酒者在一开始就有更严重的酒精问题有关。确实，饮酒动机似乎可以缓和压力和随后饮酒之间的关系，在这种情况下，有应对动机的人特别容易受到压力诱导的饮酒的影响。 这项研究使用临床实验室环境来收集试点数据，这些数据可以在未来的研究中使用，以更密切地检查支持不同饮酒动机的社交饮酒者的压力和饮酒之间的关系。该项目比较了非酒精饮酒者在心理压力(或无压力控制条件)后饮酒的应对动机和增强动机。该项目使用经过验证的方法和工具来测量饮酒动机，诱导和测量压力，并检查酒精消费。 假设压力和饮酒动机会对随后的饮酒产生交互作用，压力对有饮酒应对动机的人的影响最大。此外，还假设压力反应指数将与有应对动机的参与者的饮酒最密切相关。为了有效地设计和管理预防酗酒的工作，我们必须了解危险因素是如何显现的。这项研究计划的最终目标是通过提供经验数据来建议应该针对那些由于饮酒动机而可能面临未来酒精问题特别风险的个人进行哪些过程，从而帮助预防酒精中毒的努力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One's reasons for drinking alcohol are related to risk of developing alcoholism. Both coping motives (where alcohol is used to reduce stress or negative affect) and enhancement motives (where alcohol is used to augment positive emotions) are associated with increased risk of alcohol problems compared to other motives for drinking. Whereas individuals with enhancement motives tend to drink heavily, which increases their risk of alcohol problems, those with coping motives have a higher risk of alcohol problems independent of heavy drinking. In fact, the basis of the increased risk associated with coping motives is not well understood. Research disputes that the increased risk is related to either (a) coping-motivated drinkers having greater affective distress or anxiety or (b) coping-motivated drinkers having greater severity of alcohol problems at the outset. It does appear that motives for drinking may moderate the relationship between stress and subsequent drinking, where individuals with coping motives are especially susceptible to stressinduced drinking. This study uses a clinical laboratory setting to collect pilot data that can be used in future studies to more closely examine the relationship between stress and drinking in social drinkers who endorse different motives for drinking. The project compares non-alcoholic drinkers with coping vs. enhancement motives for drinking on their alcohol consumption following a psychological stressor (or no-stress control condition). The project employs validated methods and instruments to measure drinking motives, to induce and measures stress, and to examine alcohol consumption. It is hypothesized that stress and drinking motive will interact regarding subsequent alcohol consumption, where stress has the greatest impact in individuals with coping motives for drinking. In addition, it is hypothesized that indices of the stress response will be most strongly related to alcohol consumption in participants with coping motives. In order for alcoholism prevention efforts to be well-designed and effectively administered, we must understand how risk factors are manifest. The ultimate goal of this program of research is to help alcoholism prevention efforts by providing empirical data to suggest what processes should be targeted in individuals who, because of their motives for drinking, may be at particular risk for future alcohol problems.